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Ekstrakcijske metode za polarne benzotriazole v trdnih okoljskih vzorcih
ID Kozole, Evgen (Author), ID Prosen, Helena (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Zaradi nenehnega razvoja človeštva in posledično tudi industrije ter želje po tem, da bi zaščitili pridelek, objekte in transportna sredstva, smo v okolje vnesli veliko nepotrebnih in nezaželjenih snovi, ki predstavljajo potencialno tveganje za mikroorganizme, rastline, živali in nenazadnje tudi za človeka samega. V zadnjih letih se je na področju okoljske kemije začel uporabljati relativno nov pojem imenovan »nova onesnaževala« (angl. contaminants of emerging concern), s katerim želimo izpostaviti okoljska onesnaževala, katerim do nedavnega nismo posvečali posebne pozornosti. Sem spadajo farmacevtske učinkovine, droge, pesticidi, prehranski dodatki, nanomateriali itd. Tudi polarne benzotriazole uvrščamo v skupino novih onesnaževal. Gre za organske heterociklične spojine, ki so kemijsko stabilne, dobro topne v vodi in odporne na biorazgradnjo. Njihove povišane koncentracije so največkrat zabeležili v okolici letališč, saj se uporabljajo kot antikorozivna sredstva ter v tekočinah za odstranjevanje ledu in proti zmrzovanju letala. V svojem delu sem izpostavil nekaj ekstrakcijskih tehnik, ki jih uporabljamo za določevanje polarnih benzotriazolov v trdnih okoljskih vzorcih (tla in sedimenti). Izmed vseh se mi zdi pomembno izpostaviti zlasti tiste, ki se jih smatra za »zeleno kemijo« in ki porabijo malo energije, topila in časa. To so ekstrakcija s pomočjo mikrovalov in ultrazvoka, ekstrakcija s superkritičnimi fluidi in ekstrakcija z vročo vodo pri povišanem tlaku. Pri tem pa je potrebno upoštevati, da gre za razmeroma drage tehnološke postopke, zato njihova uporaba v praksi še ni tako razširjena, vendar lahko predvidevamo, da se bo to spremenilo zaradi tehnološkega napredka, vedno večje okoljske ozaveščenosti in strožje okoljske zakonodaje.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:polarni benzotriazoli, ekstrakcijske metode, tla, sedimenti
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Year:2021
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-129011 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:75141379 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:23.08.2021
Views:729
Downloads:72
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Extraction methods for polar benzotriazoles in solid environmental samples
Abstract:
Due to the constant development of humanity and consequently also industry and the desire to protect crops, facilities and means of transport, we have introduced into the environment many unnecessary and undesirable substances that pose a potential risk to microorganisms, plants, animals and last but not least to humans. In recent years, a relatively new concept called "contaminants of emerging concern" has been used in the field of environmental chemistry, with which we want to highlight environmental pollutants to which we have not paid any special attention until recently. These include pharmaceutical ingredients, drugs, pesticides, food additives, nanomaterials, etc. Polar benzotriazoles are also classified as emerging pollutants. These are organic heterocyclic compounds that are chemically stable, well soluble in water and resistant to biodegradation. Their increased concentrations were most often recorded in the vicinity of airports, as they are used as anti-corrosion agents and in liquids for removing ice and anti-freeze aircraft. In my work, I highlighted some extraction techniques we use to determine polar benzotriazoles in solid environmental samples (soil and sediments). Of all of these, I find it important to highlight in particular those that are considered “green chemistry” and that consume little energy, solvent and time. These are microwave and ultrasonic extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and hot water extraction at elevated pressure. It should be taken into consideration that these are relatively expensive technological processes, so their use in practice is not yet widespread, but we can assume that this will change due to technological progress, increasing environmental awareness and stricter environmental legislation.

Keywords:polar benzotriazoles, extraction methods, soil, sediments

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