Pravica do svobode gibanja in samoodločanja v institucionalnem varstvu oseb z demenco v Sloveniji : magistrsko delo

Vončina, Mateja (author), Leskošek, Vesna (mentor)

Le redkokdaj pomislimo na pravico do svobode gibanja in samoodločanja. Kako pomembne so te pravice za posameznika, se zavemo šele, ko jih izgubimo. V preteklem letu smo lahko vsi na lastni koži izkusili, kako je, ko izgubimo svobodo, ko nekdo odloča o našem življenju brez našega mnenja in privolitve. To je realnost, s katero se osebe z demenco v institucionalnem varstvu srečujejo vsakodnevno. Osebe z demenco predstavljajo vedno večjo skupino ljudi, ki potrebujejo pomoč socialnega dela. Pristop do oskrbe oseb z demenco je večinoma medicinski, zato socialna oskrba ni tako raziskana. Ko slišimo besedo demenca, pogosto pomislimo na izgubo sposobnosti in spomina, ne pomislimo pa na zmožnost prilagajanja, ki jo ima vsak človek v sebi. Sistemi pomoči bi morali temeljiti na sposobnostih oseb z demenco, ne pa na nesposobnostih. Vedno ko je govora o demenci, začnejo strokovnjaki govoriti o medicinskih simptomih. Poudarek bi moral biti na tem, da je potrebno vsakega posameznika z demenco poslušati, da bi razumeli njegove potrebe. Odločanje v okviru demence je lahko negotov in problematičen postopek. Vsi ljudje, ki živijo z demenco in so z njo prizadeti, bi morali biti v središču razprav o tem, kako se opravljajo storitve. Vprašanja samoodločanja se v naši družbi pogosto zdijo nepomembna zaradi negativnega vrednotenja starih. Ideja odločanja s podporo se je razvila na področju človekovih pravic in na podlagi gibanj. Tu je bilo osrednje sporočilo, da morajo biti procesi odločanja dostopni vsem ljudem. Pri tem imamo socialni delavci pomembno vlogo pri pogajanjih in zagovorništvu tistih, katerih glas ni upoštevan. V svoji magistrski nalogi sem želela raziskati, če osebe z demenco menijo, da je njihovo mnenje upoštevano, v kolikšni meri lahko odločajo o sebi v kontekstu institucionalnega varstva, ki jim zaradi zmanjšane razsodnosti omejuje pravice. Moje prizadevanje za zagotovitev boljših pogojev in spoštovanje človekovih pravic, je rezultat dela z osebami z demenco v institucionalnem varstvu. Redkim domovom je uspelo ustvariti domače okolje za osebe z demenco, več je takšnih, ki uporabljajo restriktivne metode in ne spoštujejo človekovih pravic. V upanju, da vsaj malo pripomore k izboljšanju, sem izvedla svojo raziskavo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: osebe z demenco, varstvo človekovih pravic, zagovorništvo, institucionalno varstvo, samoodločanje
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Vončina]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (59 str.))
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-128981
• UDC: 364.6:616.892.3
• COBISS.SI-ID: 80989443
• Publication date in RUL: 20.08.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The right of people with dementia to free will and movement in institutions

Abstract

We rarely think about the right to freedom of movement and self-determination. We only realize how important these rights are for the individual when we lose them. Over the past year, we have all been able to experience first-hand what it’s like when we lose our freedom when someone decides our life without our opinion and consent. This is a reality that people with dementia face in institutional care daily. People with dementia constitute a growing section of the population that needs social work intervention. The approach to caring for people with dementia is mostly medical, so social care is not researched that well. When we hear the word dementia, we often think of the loss of ability and memory, but we do not think of the adaptive capacity that every human being has within themselves. Assistance systems should be based on the abilities of people with dementia, not on disabilities. Whenever there is talk of dementia, experts start talking about the medical symptoms. The emphasis should be on the need to listen to each individual with dementia in order to understand their needs. Decision-making in the context of dementia can be an uncertain and problematic process. All people living with dementia and affected by it should be at the center of discussions about how services are provided. Free will in old age is often overlooked because old age is seen as something negative in our society. The idea of decision-making with support has developed in the field of human rights and on the basis of movements. The central message here was that decision-making processes must be accessible to all people. In doing so, social workers have an important role to play in negotiating and advocating for those whose voice is not taken into account. In my master's thesis, I wanted to investigate whether people with dementia feel that their opinion is taken into account, to what extent they can decide for themselves in the context of institutional care that restricts their rights due to reduced discretion. My efforts to ensure better conditions and respect for human rights are the result of working with people with dementia in institutional care. Few homes have managed to create a home environment for people with dementia, there are more who use restrictive methods and do not respect human rights. Hoping it would help improve their situation at least a little, I did my research.

• Keywords: people with dementia, protection of human rights, advocacy, institutional care, free will