Vloga medicinske sestre pri komunikaciji z bolnikom, ki ima dizartrijo : diplomsko delo

Bergant, Ana (author), Thaler, Darja (mentor), Mlinar, Suzana (reviewer)

Uvod: Dizartrija in afazija sta najpogostejši motnji sporazumevanja. Zajema lahko težave v eni komponenti ali kombinaciji več komponent govornega mehanizma, kot so: dihanje, fonacija, resonanca, artikulacija in prozodija. Govor lahko prizadane bolezen ali pa poškodba možganov, možganska kap. Žal dizartrija ne prinese le motoričnih težav, vendar imajo bolniki tudi težave s socializacijo ter psihološke motnje. Dizartrija se pojavi pri 42% bolnikih po možganski kapi, torej je ena izmed najpogostejših motenj govora. Dizartrija se pogosto pojavi pri bolnikih z multiplo sklerozo, s parkinsonovo boleznijo, po možganski kapi. Poznamo več vrst dizartrij: spastična, ataksična, hipo in hiperkinetična, flacidna in mešana. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bolje spoznati dizartrijo ter pripomočke s katerimi si medicinske sestre lahko lajšajo komunikacijo. Metode dela: Uporabljena bo deskriptivna metoda dela. Narejen bo pregled slovenske in angleške literature. Iskanje literature bo potekalo od začetka aprila do konca septembra 2021. Uporabljena bo deskriptivna metoda dela. Vire bomo iskali po različnih bazah kot so: Mediline, CINAHL, Science direct, Cobib, dLib, iskalniku PubMed in Google Scholar, knjžničnem portalu Cochrane library. Iskanje literature bo potekalo od začetka aprila do konca junija 2021.V pregled je bilo vključenih in analiziranih 11 člankov, ki so ustrezali vključitvenim in izključitvenim kriterijem. Rezultati: Rezultati so pokazali, da je na trgu veliko pripomočkov ter, da je izbira pravega odvisna od posameznika. Poznamo visoko, malo ali nič tehnološko podporno in nadomestno komunikacijo. Medicinske sestre si lahko komunikacijo z osebo, ki ima dizartrijo olajša tako, da si vzame čas za pacienta ter pozna njegove komunikacijske značilnosti tako, da se udeleži različnih predavanj oz. seminarjev. Razprava in zaključek: Dizartrija je pogosta motnja govora in zaradi tega potrebuje veliko pozornosti. Skozi diplomsko delo smo ugotovili, da obstaja veliko pripomočkov in da se tehnologija razvija, saj je vedno več visokotehnološke podporne in nadomestne komunikacije. Medicinske sestre pa si komunikacijo lahko olašajo s poznavanjem pripomočkov, motenj govora in značilnostmi bolnika z dizartrijo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, dizartrija, komunikacija, vloga medicinske sestre, komunikacijski pripomočki
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Bergant]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 24 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-128529
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 70649859
• Publication date in RUL: 17.07.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The nurse's role in communicating with a patient with dysarthria : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Dysarthria and aphasia are the most common communication disorders. It covers the problems in one component or a combination of several components of the speech mechanism, such as: breathing, phonation, resonance, articulation and prosody Speech can be affected by disease, brain damage or stroke. Unfortunately, dysarthria not only brings motor problems, but patients also have problems with socialization and psychological disorders. Dysarthria occurs in 42% of patients after a stroke, so it is one of the most common speech disorders. Dysarthria often occurs in patients with multiple sclerosis, with Parkinson's disease and after a stroke. There are several types of dysarthria: spastic, ataxic, hypo and hyperkinetic, flaccid and mixed. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to better understand dysarthria and communication aids with whom nurses can help themselfes to improve communication with a pacient. Methods: A descriptive method of work will be used. A review of Slovenian and English literature will be made. We will search for resources in various databases such as: Mediline, CINAHL, Science direct, Cobib, dLib, PubMed search engine and Google Scholar, Cochrane library library portal. The literature search will take place from the beginning of April to the end of June 2021. The review includes 11 articles that we analyzed, after going throught inculsion and exclusion criteria. Results: The results showed that there are many communication aids on the market and that the choice of the right one depends on the individual. We know high, little or no alternative and augmentative communication aids. Nurses can communicate with a pacient who has dysarthria by taking time for the patient and knowing his communication characteristics by attending various lectures or seminars. Discussion and conclusion: Dysarthria is a common speech disorder and therefore requires a lot of attention. Through the review, we found that there are many communication aids and that technology is evolving as there is more and more high-tech supportivecommunication aids. Nurses can improve communication by knowing the aids, speech disorders, and characteristics of patients with dysarthria.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, dysarthria, communication, the role of the nurse, communication aids