Uporaba encimov v prehrani prašičev

Okoren, Linda (author), Salobir, Janez (mentor)

Namen diplomskega dela je pregledati literaturo na temo uporabe encimov v prehrani prašičev in ugotoviti delovanje, učinkovitost in smiselnost njihove uporabe. Prehrana prašičev temelji na krmi rastlinskega izvora, ki vsebuje snovi za katere prašič nima prebavnih encimov, kar lahko predstavlja breme za okolje in ekonomske izgube. Z dodajanjem encimov lahko dosežemo izboljšanje prebavljivosti hranil, izkoristljivosti krme, zauživanja krme, hitrosti rasti in splošnega zdravstvenega stanja živali. V krmo prašičev se dodaja predvsem encime, ki jih prašiči niso sposobni sami proizvesti, kot so ksilanaza, beta-glukanaza, manaza, alfa-galaktozidaza, celulaza in fitaza, lahko pa tudi endogene encime. Prašiči v določenih življenjskih obdobjih ne proizvajajo zadostnih količin endogenih encimov, kar lahko vodi v prebavne motnje in posledično zdravstvene težave. V odstavitvenem obdobju je zaradi tega smiselno dodajati endogene encime kot je proteaza saj se tako izboljša zdravstveno stanje in proizvodnost. Dodatek različnih karbohidraz za razgradnjo neškrobnih polisaharidov zmanjša antinutritivne učinke kot sta vpliv kletke in težave z viskoznostjo črevesne vsebine ter poveča prebavljivost krme, saj se sprosti prej nedostopna celična vsebina. Pri pregledu literature so bili učinki dodajanja encimov zelo različni. Najbolj konsistentne rezultate je imelo dodajanje fitaze, katere delovanje je najbolj podrobno raziskano in ima dokazane pozitivne učinke. Zaradi vseh navedenih učinkov ima uporaba encimov kot krmnih dodatkov lahko ugoden vpliv na zdravje živali, ekonomičnost prireje in okolje zaradi boljše izkoristljivosti hranil in manjših izgub.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: prašiči, prehrana živali, krmni dodatki, encimi
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-128376
• COBISS.SI-ID: 69930243
• Publication date in RUL: 10.07.2021

OKOREN, Linda, 2021, Uporaba encimov v prehrani prašičev [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. [Accessed 26 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=128376

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The use of enzymes in the diet of pigs

Abstract

The aim of B. Sc. Thesis is to review the existing literature on the use of feed enzymes in pig nutrition and to evaluate whether their use is efficient and therefore justified. Swine diets are mainly composed of plant-based materials which contain certain undigestible substances that represent economic losses as well as a burden for the environment. By using enzymes as feed additives certain improvements in feed digestibility, intake, and efficiency as well as growth rate and overall health can be expected. Exogenous enzymes such as xylanase, beta-glucanase, mannanase, alfa-galactosidase, cellulase and phytase are more commonly added to swine diets than endogenous enzymes such as protease. The latter are used to improve feed digestibility, daily gain, and health of weaned pigs as they experience digestive disorders due to underdeveloped digestive system and weaning stress. Viscosity problems and so-called cage effect caused by antinutritive factors of non-starch polysaccharides can be eliminated by using various carbohydrases and ameliorate feed digestibility accordingly. However, the effects of enzyme supplementation varies greatly between studies, where the use of phytase has produced the most consistent results and has had the greatest number of studies conducted. Therefore its mechanism of action has been thoroughly researched and has been proven to have beneficial effects. For all these reasons, the use of enzymes in pig nutrition can have positive effects on animal health, cost efficiency of production and the environment by improving the efficiency of nutrient utilization and reducing nutrient losses.

• Keywords: pigs, animal nutrition, feed additives, enzymes