Pravljice med ideologijo in subverzijo; »Rdeča kapica« od ljudske pravljice do »Volčje družbe« Angele Carter

Podržaj, Sanja (author), Virk, Tomo (mentor), Dolar Bahovec, Eva (mentor)

Delo pokaže, kako je razumevanje otroštva in odraščanja skozi zgodovino vplivalo na spremembe v vsebini in funkciji pravljic. Modernemu občutju otroštva sledi do njegovega izvora, ki ga zgodovinar Philippe Aries umešča v 17. stoletje, ter ga poveže s filozofijo vzgoje Jeana-Jacquesa Rousseauja, ki pojmuje otroštvo kot nedolžno in ranljivo, potrebno zaščite pred dejstvi sveta odraslih – seksualnostjo in smrtjo. Kot nasprotje te tradicije postavlja Sigmunda Freuda in njegovo psihoanalitično odkritje, da je obdobje otroštva tisto, v katerem se izoblikuje posameznikov seksualni okvir. Bruno Bettelheim psihoanalitično metodo aplicira pri analizi klasičnih pravljic in v njih odkrije številne podtalne seksualne in nasilne vsebine. V tej luči je obravnavana zgodovina pravljic, ki izvirajo iz ljudske pripovedne tradicije, z zapisovanjem pa so vedno bolj postajale literatura, namenjena otrokom in njihovi vzgoji, dokler se ni uveljavil kanon klasičnih pravljic, ki je bil v drugi polovici 20. stoletja deležen številnih kritik, saj so nova odkritja na področju folklore pokazala na številne redaktorske posege zapisovalcev. Feministične teoretičarke in avtorice so klasično pravljico kritizirale zaradi njene povezave z ideologijo, saj propagira tradicionalne spolne vloge. Angela Carter je ena izmed avtoric, ki uporabi pravljično obliko, a njene pravljice subvertirajo ideale, ki jih učijo klasične pravljice. To je prikazano na primeru analiz štirih različic »Rdeče kapice«, od ljudske pravljice, prek klasičnih pravljic Charlesa Perraulta in bratov Grimm, do priredbe Angele Carter »Volčja družba«. V navezavi na strukturalizem in strukturalno analizo s primerjavo različic pravljice, ki si delijo enako temeljno strukturo, se izkaže, da je pravljica pripovedna oblika, ki je lahko tako ideološka kot tudi subverzivna.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: literatura in ideologija, otroška književnost, pravljica, strukturalizem, filozofija vzgoje, psihoanaliza, Rdeča kapica, literarne priredbe
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-127335
• Publication date in RUL: 03.06.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Fairy tales between ideology and subversion. Little Red Riding Hood from folk tale to Angela Carter's The Company of Wolves.

Abstract

The dissertation shows how a change in perceiving childhood and growing up through history has caused changes in the content and purpose of the fairy tale. It traces the origin of the modern sentiment of childhood, which the historian Philippe Ariés places in the 17th century and connects it with Jean-Jacques Rousseau's philosophy of education. This is a sentiment that sees children as innocent and vulnerable, in need of protection from the facts of adult life – sexuality and death. Opposite to this tradition it discusses Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytic view of childhood as a period in which a person’s sexual frame is established. Bruno Bettelheim applies this psychoanalytic technique in the analysis of fairy tales and discovers in them hidden sexual and violent content. This is the context in which the paper regards the history of fairy tales, which originate from the oral folk tradition and have eventually, through the process of writing, become a literary genre aimed at children. The canon of classic fairy tales was heavily criticised in the second half of the 20th century precisely because the latest studies of folklore had shown just how much writers had edited the original folk material they had been collecting. Feminist theorists and authors have criticised classic fairy tales because of their connection to the established ideology, as it portrays traditional gender roles. Angela Carter is one of those authors who uses the fairy tale form, but her fairy tales subvert the very ideals that classic fairy tales represent. This is shown on the case of Little Red Riding Hood, through the analysis of the folk tale and classic fairy tales by Charles Perrault and Brothers Grimm, which are then compared with Angela Carter’s remake of the tale in her short story The Company of Wolves. By comparing different fairy tales with the same basic structure and connecting the findings with structuralism and structural analysis, the dissertation concludes that the fairy tale can both be an ideological and a subversive literary form.

• Keywords: literature and ideology, children's literature, fairy tale, structuralism, philosophy of education, psychoanalysis, Little Red Riding Hood, literary adaptations