Dvojni status delavca in upokojenca

Grlj, Ana Maria (author), Strban, Grega (mentor)

Demografski trend, ki zajema proces staranja prebivalstva in podaljševanje življenjske dobe, predstavlja velik izziv za obstoječi sistem socialne varnosti in sistem socialnih zavarovanj. Tako Republika Slovenija, kot preostale evropske države, poleg postopnega zviševanja najnižje upokojitvene starosti s pokojninskimi reformami, uvajajo več različnih ugodnosti, s katerimi želijo premostiti izzive, ki so posledica demografskih sprememb. Osrednja tema magistrske diplomske naloge je analiza dvojnega statusa delavca in upokojenca, ki predstavlja enega od načinov reševanja posledic problema nesorazmernosti deleža delovno aktivnega in delovno neaktivnega prebivalstva. Da se lahko do instituta kritično opredelimo, je pomembno razumeti temelje in namen sistema socialne varnosti. Temeljni namen sistema socialne varnosti je zaščita svojih članov ob realizaciji socialnega tveganja, ki s seboj prinese izgubo oziroma zmanjšanje dohodka ali povečanje stroškov. Starost predstavlja enega izmed socialnih tveganj, kjer se aktivira sistem socialne varnosti z nalogo zagotoviti varnost dohodka v času socianega primera starosti. Vendar če posameznik, kljub prejemanju pokojnine, še naprej opravlja delo ali dejavnost in prejema zanj plačilo ali celo obratno, ob nezmanjšenem dohodku iz dela prejema še pokojnino, se socialno tveganje izgube ali zmanjšanja dohodka zaradi starosti ne uresniči, zato je ta v samem temelju neprimeren. Slovenska zakonodaja omogoča upokojencem, ki zaradi različnih vzgibov še naprej redno ali občasno opravljajo delo oziroma dejavnost, ponuja širok spekter alternativnih pravnih podlag za opravljanje dela oziroma dejavnosti, kljub rednemu prejemanju pokojnine, ki niso toliko sporna, kot institut dvojnega statusa delavca in upokojenca. Glavni pomislek pri institutu dvojnega statusa delavca in upokojenca, je ustreznost slednjega glede na razumevanje temelja in nalog sistema socialne varnosti. Primerjalnopravno je institut dvojnega statusa delavca in upokojenca poznan, vendar je ta podan v zakonodaji s striktnimi omejitvami, primarno pa rešujejo demografski izziv s sprejemanjem ukrepov, ki so usmerjeni v podaljševanje upokojitvene starosti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Dvojni status delavca in upokojca, socialna varnost, socialno zavarovanje, socialno tveganje, starost, upokojitev, demografske spremembe, višanje upokojitvene starosti, staranje prebivalstva, podaljševanje življenjske dobe.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-127332
• COBISS.SI-ID: 65637123
• Publication date in RUL: 03.06.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Double status of a person being a worker and a pensioner

Abstract

Demographicall trend, which includes process of aging and the extendion of life expectancy, is known as a huge challenge for the existing social protection system and its social insurance system. The Republic Slovenia and many other European countries are battling against challenges, because of the demographicall trend, with several measures and pension age rise is one of them. The main discussion in my master’s thesis is the so-called double status of a person, i.e. being a worker or a self-employed person and a pensioner at the same time, which is used to bridge the problem of the disproportionate number between economically active persons and pensioners, known as an inactive population. But to be able to critically defined so-called double status of a person, we need to understand the core principle of the social protection system. The main core of the social protection system is to protect its members when a social risk occurs, when the income is reduced, lost or increased. Age is one of the social risks, and the main purpose of the social protection system, when a person reaches legally required age, is to provide a pension. But if a pensioner is at the same time receiving an income and a pension, or even vice versa, a worker whose income is not reduced received a pension, there is no need for income replacement, if income is not lost or reduced. Slovenian legislation is providing pensioners, who wants to continue to work because of various reasons, wide range of legal bases for continuing working, which are not so contradictory to the social protection system. The discussion of the adequacy of the so-called “double status of a person”, i.e. being a worker or a self-employed person and a pensioner, is high on the agenda. Comparatively in other countries the double status of a person is used, but with restrictions, solutions are more tilting towards the increasing of the minimum pension age.

• Keywords: Double status of a person being a worker or a self-employed person and a pensioner, social security, social protection system, age, retirement, demographic trend, process of aging, the extendion of life expectancy, minimum pension age.