Zdravstvena obravnava pacienta s hiponatriemijo in zastrupitvijo z vodo zaradi povečane fizične aktivnosti : diplomsko delo

Premk, Lilija (author), Prestor, Jože (mentor), Milisav, Irina (reviewer)

Uvod: Hiponatriemija je ena najpogostejših elektrolitskih motenj, katera lahko zaradi sočasnega prekomernega pitja hipotoničnih tekočin posameznika med telovadbo privede do zastrupitve z vodo in njenimi pridruţenimi zdravstvenimi zapleti. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, kakšno je ukrepanje in zdravljenje hiponatriemije in hipotonične hiperhidracije, preučiti vloge diplomiranih medicinskih sester in zdravstvenikov pri preprečevanju, odkrivanju in zdravljenju. Poleg tega ţelimo opisati vzroke, ki privedejo do teh dveh elektrolitskih motenj, opisati vsebino in vlogo smernic zdravljenja, aktivnosti nujne medicinske pomoči na predbolnišnični ravni in bolnišnični oskrbi, preučiti izobraţevanje športnikov in njihovih trenerjev za preprečevanje in ukrepanje ob pojavu teh stanj. Metode dela: V diplomski nalogi smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela, ki temelji na kritičnem pregledu strokovne literature. Iskanje literature je potekalo v obdobju med leti 2010-2020, preko spletnega portala digitalne knjiţnice Univerze v Ljubljani, v mednarodnih spletnih bazah COBIB.SI, Medline/PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect in Google učenjak. Uporabili smo ključne besede in besedne zveze: hiponatriemija, hipotonična hiperhidracija, zastrupitev z vodo, atleti. Uporabili smo 42 enot literature. Rezultati: Hiponatriemija in zastrupitev z vodo sta ţivljenjsko ogroţajoči stanji, ki sta zaradi napačne hidracije pogosta pri profesionalnih in rekreativnih vzdrţljivostnih športnikih. S simptomi kot so, slabost, bruhanje, zmedenost in krči sta zaradi svojih nespecifičnosti velikokrat spregledani. Ukrepanje nujne medicinske pomoči na predbolnišnični ravni se usmerja v hitro prepoznavo, transport in zmanjšanje nevroloških posledic. Medicinska sestra ima kot strokovnjak pomembno vlogo v celostni obravnavi z edukacijo. V pregledani literaturi smo prepoznali več vzrokov za napačen hidracijski načrt, ki mora biti individualno prilagojen posamezniku in razmeram. Razprava in zaključek: V izogib zapletom je začetna ocena stanja ključnega pomena za določitev zdravljenja. Usposobljena medicinska sestra mora biti pozorna na znake, simptome in spremembe krvnih parametrov ter skozi svojo visoko raven znanja s kritičnim razmišljanjem zagotavljati kakovostno standardizirano zdravstveno nego.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, hiponatriemija, hipotonična hiperhidracija, zastrupitev z vodo, hidracija, atleti
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [L. Premk]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 27 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-127221
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 65142787
• Publication date in RUL: 26.05.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Medical treatment of patient with hyponatremia and water intoxication due to increased physical activity : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolyte disturbances in which drinking excessive hypotonic fluids during strenuous physical activity can lead to water poisoning and its associated health problems. Purpose: To determine the response and treatment of hyponatremia and hypotonic hyperhydration, to examine the roles of graduate nurses in prevention, detection, treatment and education at the primary and secondary stage of health care. Objective: To describe the causes that lead to these two electrolyte disturbances, to describe the content and role of treatment guidelines, to seek emergency medical activities at the prehospital and hospital care, to examine the knowledge and education of athletes and their coaches to prevent and respond to these conditions. Methods: We used a descriptive method based on a literature review. The search of the literature published between 2010–2020 was performed through the online digital library of the University of Ljubljana, on international online databases COBIB.SI, Medline/PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Keywords were: hyponatremia, hypotonic hyperhydration, intoxication with water, athletes. We used 42 units of literature. Results: Hyponatremia and water poisoning are life-threatening conditions that are common in professional and recreational endurance athletes due to improper hydration. Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, confusion and cramps are unspecific, therefore, often overlooked. Emergency medical care at pre-hospital levels is aimed at rapid identification, transport and reduction of neurological consequences. As an expert, a nurse can be involved in comprehensive treatment and education. Several causes for inapropriate hydration planning are reported in the literature. The hydration plan must be individually adapted to suit individuals and conditions. Discussion and conclusion: An appropriate initial assessment of the condition and proper treatment is crucial to avoid complications. A qualified nurse must recognise the signs, symptoms and changes in blood parameters to provide quality standardized health care.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, hyponatremia, hypotonic hyperhydration, intoxication with water, hydration, athletes