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Uporaba mikrokalorimetrije pri vrednotenju stabilnosti zdravilnih učinkovin in farmacevtskih oblik na primeru nekaterih zaviralcev angiotenzinske konvertaze : doktorska disertacija
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Simončič, Zvone
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Kmetec, Vojko
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Kogej, Ksenija
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Abstract
Stabilnostne študije so pomemben del razvoja vsake zdravilne učinkovine in farmacevtske oblike ter imajo zelo pomembno vlogo pri dokazovanju kakovosti, varnosti in učinkovitosti zdravila v registracijski dokumentaciji. V predformulacijski fazi ter v prvem delu formulacijske faze razvoja zdravil se raziskovalci na eni strani srečujejo z velikim številom potencialnih zdravilnih učinkovin in velikim, skoraj neomejenim številom potencialnih formulacij, v katere vgrajujejo zdravilne učinkovine, na drugi strani pa s pomanjkanjem časa, saj želijo novo zdravilo na trgu predstaviti v najkrajšem možnem času. V sklopu pričujočega dela smo se osredotočili na metodo izotermne mikrokalorimetrije, ki bi lahko zaradi svojih značilnosti doprinesla k hitrejšim in lažje izvedljivim meritvam stabilnostnih lastnosti zdravilnih učinkovin in farmacevtskih oblik iz skupine ACE inhibitorjev. Izotermna mikrokalorimetrija je nespecifična termoanalizna metoda, ki se v omejenem obsegu že uporablja v farmacevtskem razvoju, vendar je njena uporaba v veliki meri omejena na zelo nadzorovane enokomponentne sisteme ter na kemijske reakcije, ki potekajo po predvidljivih poteh in s predvidljivimi kinetikami. Z rezultati naših raziskav na znanih predstavnikih ACE inhibitorjev in na potencialnem novem ACE inhibitorju se je mikrokalorimetrija izkazala za zelo primerno pri proučevanju stabilnosti teh zdravilnih učinkovin, predvsem v začetnih fazah razvoja zdravilnih učinkovin in farmacevtskih oblik. Pri izotermnih pogojih lahko relativno hitro napovemo določene stabilnostne lastnosti, v nekaterih primerih tudi v kvantitativnem obsegu, kar smo potrdili z vzporednimi študijami s specifičnimi metodami, kot je HPLC. Z uporabo izotermne mikrokalorimetrije smo na primeru zdravilne učinkovine perindopril v raztopini uspeli kvantitativno ovrednotiti kemični razpad in doseči dobro ujemanje z rezultati specifične HPLC metode, ki je zahtevala predhoden razvoj in validacijo. S simulacijo razvoja novih zdravilnih učinkovin iz skupine ACE inhibitorjev smo sintetizirali novo potencialno zdravilno učinkovino in jo stabilnostno vrednotili. V skupini zdravilnih učinkovin smo pri preizkušanju stabilnosti v raztopinah opazili in ovrednotili fizikalno spremembo, ki je bila posledica ločitve vodne in oljne faze. Opaženo fizikalno spremembo, ki je nastala zaradi kemične nestabilnosti te zdravilne učinkovine in posledično izločanja lipofilnega razgradnega produkta, smo uporabili za razvoj pristopa hitrega presejalnega preizkusa, ki ga v skupini ACE inhibitorjev lahko uporabimo za razlikovanje med bolj in manj stabilnimi zdravilnimi učinkovinami in farmacevtskimi oblikami na osnovi opazovanja energetskih sprememb. Študije smo nadgradili s študijami zdravilne učinkovine enalapril maleat v trdnem in njenih farmacevtskih oblik. Znova smo potrdili uporabnost izotermne mikrokalorimetrije kot metode, ki lahko skrajša razvojno fazo novega zdravila. Na primeru dveh stabilnih farmacevtskih oblik, t. j. tablet, z zdravilno učinkovino enalapril maleat, ki se razlikujeta v kvantitativni sestavi, smo z meritvijo, ki je trajala le nekaj dni, uspeli pridobiti podatke o razlikah v stabilnosti obeh, za kar bi sicer po klasičnih pristopih potrebovali več mesecev oz. let rednega stabilnostnega preizkušanja. S tem izvirnim pristopom smo metodo izotermne mikrokalorimetrije umestili v predformulacijski in formulacijski razvoj zdravil ACE inhibitorjev kot metodo, ki omogoča hitro in relativno enostavno spremljanje dogajanja v posameznih vzorcih ter tako omogoča razlikovanje med bolj in manj stabilnimi zdravilnimi učinkovinami in farmacevtskimi oblikami. V primerjavi z dosedanjo prakso lahko uporaba te metode bistveno skrajša čas v najzgodnejših fazah razvoja, ko je na mizah raziskovalcev veliko število vzorcev potencialnih zdravilnih učinkovin in farmacevtskih oblik.
Language:
Slovenian
Keywords:
stabilnost zdravil
,
analizne metode
,
izotermna kalorimetrija
,
ACE inhibitorji
,
formulacijske študije
Work type:
Dissertation
Typology:
2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:
FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
Place of publishing:
Ljubljana
Publisher:
[Z. Simončič]
Year:
2009
Number of pages:
94 f.
PID:
20.500.12556/RUL-127055
UDC:
543:615
COBISS.SI-ID:
2514289
Publication date in RUL:
14.05.2021
Views:
1069
Downloads:
137
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Language:
English
Title:
The use of microcalorimetry for stability evaluation of active substances and drug products containing some angiotensin convertaze inhibitors
Abstract:
Stability studies are an integral part of the drug development program and have a very important role in the registration documentation for each individual pharmaceutical product and drug substance. There is almost an unlimited number of drug substance samples and drug product samples generated in preformulation and formulation studies, whereas the time available for drug development is limited. In our work we focused on the method of isothermal microcalorimetry, which could bring substantial advantages in performance and duration of these analyses. As a part of these studies drug substances from the group of ACE inhibitors were used. Isothermal microcalorimetry is a non-specific thermo-analytical method that is in a limited extend already used in pharmaceutical development, especially for analysis of samples with simple degradation reactions and known kinetics. With results presented in our work we confirmed that isothermal microcalorimetry can provide valuable data also when used for drug substances and drug products with simultaneously running complex chemical reactions and physical changes. More and less stable drug substances or drug products from the group of ACE inhibitors can be distinguished with isothermal microcalorimetry. In some cases stability can be determined also in quantitative extend, which was confirmed using specific studies such as HPLC in parallel. For drug substance perindopril in solutions with different pH we determined degradation rate constant using isothermal microcalorimetry and confirmed it with parallel HPLC study. We also simulated the development of new drug substance structurally belonging to the group of ACE inhibitors and determined its stability properties by using HPLC and isothermal microcalorimetry. One of the important findings regarding thermograms of ACE inhibitors was also a physical change that occurred as a consequence of chemical instability. Broad exothermic peak that was observed in majority of solution samples with pH 2.0 was attributed to phase separation of lipophilic diketopiperazine degradation product. We used this physical phenomenon for the development of a fast approach that can distinguish between more and less stable drug substances from the group of ACE inhibitors and drug products using these substances.In addition to studies of ACE inhibitors in solutions we performed also stability studies of solid samples of enalapril maleat and its drug products using isothermal microcalorimetry. We again confirmed that this method can shorten the development work of a new drug product. We were able to determine the difference in stability properties of two drug products with different quantitative compositions in a very short time. When using ICH long term stability evaluation to distinguish between the stabilities of these formulations much longer studies would be needed. Isothermal microcalorimetry was confirmed in preformulation and formulation phase of drug substance and drug product development as a method that enables the rapid and relatively simple determination of stability and thus, distinguishes between more and less stable samples. In comparison with current practice the use of this method can significantly shorten the time in the earliest stages of development.
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