Attempts have been made to induce and regenerate haploid plants in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) using two different techniques. Since hemp is a multipurpose plant, there is an increasing need to develop new varieties with improved traits. The classical breeding methods currently used are time-consuming, so the technique of haploid induction would have a great impact on breeding. In the study, an attempt was made to induce haploids by pollination with irradiated pollen and to induce microspores by in vitro culture. During the study, the following results were obtained: optimal medium for in vitro germination of pollen, the developmental stage of male flowers at which pollen is most viable, that pollen germinates despite very high doses of X-rays, and at what dose embryos do not develop. The ploidy of regenerates was determined by flow cytometry and homozygosity by microsatellite markers. We succeeded in isolating viable microspores, that did not enlarge and divide.
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