Ledvična obolenja v obdobju nosečnosti : diplomsko delo

Cole, Lara (author), Mlinar, Suzana (mentor), Ovijač, Darja (reviewer)

Uvod: Nosečnost je obdobje fizioloških sprememb v telesu ženske. Prve spremembe se začnejo že po oploditvi jajčeca in se nadaljujejo vse do poroda. Nosečnost s pridruženo kronično ledvično boleznijo lahko povzroča resne zaplete pri zdravju nosečnice in plodu, saj je tveganje za nastanek zapletov pri kronični ledvični bolezni večje kot pri ženski brez pridruženih kroničnih bolezni. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature opisati anatomske in fiziološke spremembe v nosečnosti in predstaviti vpliv kronične ledvične bolezni na nosečnico in plod. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela. Uporabili smo pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature v angleškem in slovenskem jeziku. Iskanje literature je potekalo od aprila do novembra 2020. Literaturo smo poiskali v bazah podatkov: PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCIENCE DIRECT, DLIB in prek sistema COBISS+. Rezultati: V vsaki nosečnosti se lahko pojavijo zapleti, vendar redkeje kot pri nosečnici s pridruženimi kroničnimi boleznimi. Zato je svetovanje specialistov pri načrtovanju in spremljanju nosečnosti ključno za varen potek nosečnosti s kronično ledvično boleznijo. Ženski z ekstremno povišanimi vrednostmi koncentracije serumskega kreatinina in znižanimi vrednostmi glomerulne filtracije se nosečnost odsvetuje. Pri ženski s kronično ledvično boleznijo lahko pride do resnih zapletov, kot so prezgodnji porod, porod s carskim rezom, nedonošenost, intrauterina smrt ploda in smrt nosečnice. Razprava in zaključek: Ženski s kronično ledvično boleznijo se nosečnost svetuje čim zgodnejšem poteku bolezni. Nosečnica naj bo pod rednim strokovnim nadzorom zaradi spremljanja poteka nosečnosti in zgodnjega odkrivanja zapletov, ki so lahko tveganje za nosečnico in plod.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, nosečnost, spremembe v nosečnosti, ledvična obolenja, kronična ledvična bolezen, glomerulna filtracija, plod
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [L. Cole]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 23 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-126485
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 61081091
• Publication date in RUL: 23.04.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Kidney diseases during pregnancy : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy is a period of physiological changes in a woman's body. First changes occur after egg fertilization and continue to take place until labour. Pregnancy with associated chronic kidney disease can cause serious health complications in pregnant women and foetuses. The risk of chronic kidney disease complications is higher in pregnant women with associated chronic diseases than in women with no associated chronic diseases. Purpose: The aim of the paper is to describe, through an overview of professional and scientific literature, anatomical and physiological changes during pregnancy and present the impact of chronic kidney disease on pregnant women and foetuses. Methods: In the paper, a descriptive work method is used. We carried out an overview of professional and scientific literature written in Slovene and English. The literature was searched from April to November 2020, and obtained on the PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCIENCE DIRECT, and DLIB databases as well as through the COBISS+ system. Results: During each pregnancy, different complications may occur, which are more common in pregnant women with associated chronic diseases. A key factor in ensuring safe pregnancy is consultation with specialists regarding how pregnancy is planned and monitored. However, complications can be expected in women with associated chronic diseases. Kidney impairment and impaired kidney function may even become more severe due to pregnancy. Health specialists advise against pregnancy in case of extremely increased concentrations of serum creatinine and decreased values of glomerular filtration. All changes and serious complications may result in a premature labour, caesarean section, prematurity, intrauterine foetal demise and maternal death. Discussion and conclusion: Women with a chronic kidney disease are advised to get pregnant in the early stage of the disease. Pregnant women should be under regular professional supervision in order to monitor the course of pregnancy and early detect possible complications, which can be a risk to pregnant women and foetuses.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, pregnancy, changes in pregnancy, kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, glomerular filtration, fetus