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Opredelitev termodinamičnih pogojev strjevanja Al99,7 na električne lastnosti rotorja
ID Poženel Kovačič, Terezija (Author), ID Vončina, Maja (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window, ID Mrvar, Primož (Comentor)

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Abstract
Kratkostična kletka rotorja indukcijskega elektromotorja (asinhronski motor na izmenični tok) je običajno narejena s postopkom tlačnega litja tehnično čistega aluminija. Za indukcijski elektromotor je specifična električna prevodnost tehnično čistega aluminija ključna za zmanjšanje tokovnih izgub v kratkostični kletki rotorja (zmanjšanje skupnih izgub). V okviru doktorske disertacije smo izvedli laboratorijske teste litja z aluminijem tehnične čistosti 99,5 mas. %, 99,7 mas. % in rafiniranega aluminija 99,9 mas. %. Vzorce smo ulivali v zračni atmosferi, v zaščitni atmosferi argona ter na zraku z uporabo filtra. Pridobljene podatke karakterističnih temperatur in specifične električne upornosti merjene s štiritočkovno metodo smo primerjali s termodinamičnimi izračuni faznih ravnotežij ter predvideli nastanek intermetalnih faz. Izračunane podatke smo preverili z diferenčno vrstično kalorimetrijo ter jih primerjali z rezultati makro in mikroskopije ter analize poroznosti. Cilj je bil prepoznati kakšni in kolikšni so vplivi elementov nečistoč v zlitinah, vsebnosti nekovinskih vključkov in poroznosti na specifično električno upornost ulitka. Vzorce smo ulili tudi v industrijskih pogojih s tehnologijo tlačnega litja, pri čemer smo vzorcem določili električno upornost na »rotortesterju«. Vzorci čistega aluminija Al99,9 so v mikrostrukturi izkazovali samo prisotnost primarnih zmesnih kristalov ?-Al z določenim deležem poroznosti in oksidov. Aluminij tehnične čistosti Al99,7 vsebuje večji delež elementov nečistoč, zato se pri strjevanju najprej strjujejo primarni zmesni kristali ?-Al, sledi kristalizacija preostale taline, pri čemer le ta kristalizira v evtektik (?-Al + Al13Fe4). Zlitina tehnične čistosti 99,5 % ima za 0,2 mas. % povečano vsebnost primesi železa v primerjavi s tehnično čistim aluminijem 99,7 % in posledično povečan delež evtektika. Metalografska analiza in analiza poroznosti sta pokazali na smiselnost uporabe zaščitne atmosfere oz. filtracije pri litju omenjenih litin. Poroznost vzorcev ulitih v zaščitni atmosferi argona je bila v povprečju za 0,73 % manjša. Tudi velikost por je v omenjenih vzorcih vsaj 6 krat manjša in znaša do 300 µm. Industrijski test pa je pokazal, da ima rotor ulit z litino tehnične čistosti 99,7 % kar za 21,5 % manjšo upornost v primerjavi z upornostjo rotorjev izdelanih iz Al99,5.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:Ključne besede: tehnično čisti aluminij, električna upornost, pogoji strjevanja, nekovinski vključki in elementi nečistoč, poroznost
Work type:Doctoral dissertation
Organization:NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
Year:2021
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-125549 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:57495043 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:24.03.2021
Views:1826
Downloads:154
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Definition of thermodynamic conditions of solidification of Al99.7 on the electrical properties of the rotor
Abstract:
The short-circuit rotor cage of an induction electric motor (asynchronous AC motor) is usually made by a die-casting process of technically pure aluminium. For an induction electric motor, the specific electrical conductivity of technically pure aluminium is crucial to reduce current losses in the short-circuit rotor cage (reduction of total losses). As part of the doctoral dissertation, we performed laboratory tests of casting with aluminium of technical purity 99.5 wt. %, 99.7 wt. % and refined aluminium 99.9 wt. %. The samples were casted in an air atmosphere, in a protective argon atmosphere, and in air using a filter. The obtained data of characteristic temperatures and specific electrical resistance measured by the four - point method were compared with thermodynamic calculations of phase equilibria and the formation of intermetallic phases was predicted. The calculated data were verified by DSC and compared with the results of metallography analysis. The aim was to identify the effects of impurity elements in alloys, the content of non-metallic inclusions and porosity on the specific electrical resistance of the casting. The samples were also cast in industrial conditions with die-casting technology, and the electrical resistance on the »rotortester« was determined. Samples of pure Al99.9 showed in the microstructure only the presence of primary mixed α-Al crystals with a certain proportion of porosity and oxides. The Al99.7 contains a larger proportion of impurities, the primary α-Al mixed crystals solidify first, followed by crystallization of the remaining melt, which crystallizes into eutectic (α-Al + Al13Fe4). The technically pure aluminium 99.5 % has a 0.2 wt. % increased iron impurity content compared to technically pure aluminium 99.7 % and consequently increased eutectic content. Microstructural analysis and porosity analysis showed the benefits of using a protective atmosphere or filtration during casting. The surface porosity of the samples cast in a protective argon atmosphere was on average 0.73 % lower. The pore size in these samples is also at least 6 times smaller and ranges up to 300 μm. The industrial test showed that the rotor cast with Al99.7 has a 21.5 % lower electrical resistance compared to the resistance of rotors made of Al99.5.

Keywords:Key words: technically pure aluminium, electrical resistance, solidification conditions, non-metallic inclusions and impurity elements, porosity

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