Obvladovanje tveganja pri obratovanju terminalov utekočinjenega zemeljskega plina

Viršek, Peter (author), Novosel, Barbara (mentor)

V magistrskem delu je predstavljeno delovanje in obvladovanje tveganja terminalov utekočinjenega zemeljskega plina. V uvodu so predstavljeni utekočinjen zemeljski plin, njegove lastnosti in značilnosti. V nadaljevanju je opisano delovanje terminalov in njegovi sestavni deli, ki so potrebni za nemoteno obratovanje. Ocena tveganja terminalov UZP je pomemben del, ki sestavlja varno obratovanje. Pomembno je identificirati začetne dogodke terminalov in frekvenco teh začetnih dogodkov, ki lahko vodijo do nezgod. Opisani so najpogostejši neželeni dogodki in nezgode, ki se pojavijo pri obratovanju terminalov. Namen magistrskega dela je ocena posledic nenadzorovanega izhajanja različnih količin UZP iz terminala. Izhajanje UZP na mestu poškodbe lahko povzroči številne nezgodne scenarije. Za lažjo predstavo posledic in oceno ogroženega območja so prikazani različni primeri simulacij nezgodnih dogodkov s programsko opremo Phast. S pomočjo simulacij sem primerjal in analiziral obseg izbranih scenarijev in njihovih posledic. Iz pridobljenih podatkov je bil cilj ugotoviti, kateri scenariji predstavljajo največjo nevarnost za okoliško prebivalstvo, gospodarstvo v bližini terminala v primeru nezgodnega dogodka, ter glede na obseg posledic podati morebitne ukrepe za preprečevanje oz. omejitev nastale škode pri nenadzorovanem izhajanju različnih količin UZP. Rezultati opravljenih simulacij se razlikujejo od rezultatov, ki so opredeljeni v znanstveni literaturi. Povprečno odstopanje posameznega rezultata v vseh opravljenih simulacijah od dejanskih rezultatov v študiji znaša 12 %. V vseh štirih simulacijah najbolj nevaren scenarij, z največjim obsegom toplotnega sevanja predstavlja bliskovit požar/ogenj (angl. flash fire). Glede na pridobljene rezultate je moč ugotoviti, da se z večjim premerom odprtine povečuje tudi sproščena količina UZP. Kljub naraščanju UZP pa vrednosti izhajanega UZP glede na velikost odprtine ne naraščajo eksponencialno. Bolj stabilni pogoji in manjša hitrost vetra vplivajo na hitrejše sproščanje UZP in s tem vplivajo na večji obseg ogroženega območja oz. obseg toplotnega sevanja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: utekočinjen zemeljski plin, terminal, ocena ogroženega območja, neželeni dogodki
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-125169
• COBISS.SI-ID: 54364675
• Publication date in RUL: 05.03.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Risk Management in Operation of Liquefied Natural Gas Terminals

Abstract

In my master's thesis, I will present the operation and risk management of liquefied natural gas terminals. In the introduction, liquefied natural gas will be presented, along with its properties and characteristics. In the following chapters, the thesis will describe the operation of the terminal and its components, which are necessary for undisturbed operation. Risk assessment of LNG terminals is an important factor in a safe operation. It is important to identify the initial events of the terminals and their frequency that can lead to accidents. The most common unwanted events and accidents that occur during terminal operation will be described. The purpose of the master's thesis is to assess the consequences of uncontrolled leakage of various quantities of LNG from the terminal. Leakage of LNG at the site of injury can lead to a number of accident scenarios. To better illustrate the consequences and the assessment of the endangered area, various examples of accident simulations with the Phast software will be presented. With the help of these simulations, I will compare and analyze the scope of selected scenarios and their consequences. From the obtained data, I will aim at determining which scenarios pose the greatest danger to the surrounding population and the economy near the terminal in the event of an accident. I will also try to suggest, given the extent of the consequences, possible measures to prevent or limit the damage caused by the uncontrolled leakage of various quantities of LNG. The results of the performed simulations differ from the results defined in the scientific literature. The average deviation of individual results in all performed simulations from the actual results in the study is 12%. In all four simulations, the most dangerous scenario is flash fire with the largest range of thermal radiation. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the larger the diameter of the opening, the higher the amount of LNG released. Despite the increase in LNG, the values of the released LNG do not increase exponentially with respect to the size of the opening. More stable conditions and lower wind speeds contribute to a faster leakage of LNG, thus increasing the surface of the endangered area and the radiation zone.

• Keywords: liquefied natural gas, terminal, assessment of endangered zones, unwanted events