Povezanost med parametri moči in jakosti s poškodbami spodnjega uda pri nogometaših : magistrsko delo

Ferk, Miha (author), Hadžić, Vedran (mentor), Kambič, Tim (co-mentor)

Nogomet je najbolj prepoznavna in priljubljena igra na svetu. Sodobni nogomet se je v primerjavi z obdobjem pred desetimi ali več leti razvil v intenzivnejši šport z bolj zgoščenim urnikom treningov in tekem. S povečevanjem obremenitev na treningih in tekmah ter pogostejšim igranjem se veča tudi možnost za nastanek poškodb, vendar pa odnos med trenažno-tekmovalnimi obremenitvami, jakostjo in močjo spodnjih okončin ter nastankom poškodb do sedaj še ni v celoti raziskan. V nogometu so najpogostejše poškodbe spodnjih okončin (kolka, kolena in gležnja), zato je pomen zgodnje diagnostike gibalnih deficitov, preventivne vadbe in zadostne jakosti spodnjih okončin ključen. Namen dela je bil dobiti vpogled v parametre jakosti in moči mišic spodnjih udov pri nogometaših Prve slovenske nogometne lige ter preučiti morebitno povezanost med parametri jakosti in moči mišic spodnjih udov ter pojavnostjo poškodb spodnjega uda pri tej populaciji. Rezultati so pokazali, da je največji delež nogometašev vsaj enkrat imelo poškodovan gleženj (45,45 %) ali koleno (36,36 %), medtem ko večina nogometašev ni imela poškodovane zadnje lože stegna (81,82 %) ali dimelj (77,27 %). Rezultati izokinetičnih meritev jakosti iztegovalkin upogibalk kolena kažejo na večjo jakost upogibalk kolen na desni nogi (+12 Nm, p = 0,007) ter posledično slabše razmerje med maksimalnim koncentričnim navorom mišic zadnje lože stegna in maksimalnim koncentričnim navorom štiriglave stegenske mišice (HQR) na levi nogi (–4,94 %, p = 0,039). Med poškodovanimi in nepoškodovanimi nogometaši nismo ugotovili razlik v maksimalni jakosti iztegovalk in upogibalk kolena. V nalogi nismo ugotovili pomembne povezave med parametri jakosti spodnjih okončin in pojavnostjo poškodb. Kljub temu pa sta redna diagnostika in preventivna vadba pod nadzorom kineziologa ključnega pomena pri zagotavljanju ustreznega nivoja mišične jakosti in zmanjšanja možnosti poškodb, zato je v prihodnje potrebno temu dajati večji poudarek v športni praksi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Nogomet, poškodbe spodnjih okončin, jakost
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-124080
• COBISS.SI-ID: 57433347
• Publication date in RUL: 25.12.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Relationship between power and strength parameters with lower limb injuries in football players

Abstract

Football is the most recognizable and popular game in the world. Compared to ten or more years ago, modern football has developed into intensive sport with a more compressed schedule of training sessions and matches. With increase training and games loads there is an increase possibility of injury occurrence. However, the relationship between training and competition loads, the power and strength of the lower extremities, and the occurrence of injuries has not yet been fully elucidated. In football, injuries to the lower extremities (hip, knee and ankle) are the most prevalent, thus, the importance of early screening of movement deficits, implementation of preventive training and building sufficient strength of the lower extremities is crucial. The purpose of this thesis was to gain insight into the selected parameters of lower limb muscle strength and power in football players from the 1st Slovenian Football League and to examine the potential associations between lower limb muscle strength and power parameters and the incidence of lower limb injuries in latter population. The results showed that the majority of football players injured ankle (45.45%) or knee (36.36%) at least once, while most football players did not injure hamstring (81.82%) or groin (77.27 %). The results of isokinetic measurements of knee extensors and flexors strength indicate a higher strength of the knee flexors in the right leg (+12 Nm, p=0.007) and a consequently lower ratio between the maximal concentric torque of the hamstrings and the maximal concentric torque of the quadriceps muscles (HQR) in the left leg (–4.94%, p=0.039). There were no differences between injured and uninjured football players in maximal strength of the knee extensors and flexors. In this thesis, there was no significant relationship between the selected parameters of the strength of the lower extremities and the injury incidence. Nevertheless, regular screening and preventive training under the supervision of a kinesiologist are crucial in ensuring an adequate level of muscle strength and reducing the possibility of injury, therefore, future work in sports practice should place more emphasis on it.

• Keywords: Football, lower limb injuries, strength