Stroški postopka in financiranje kolektivne tožbe

Pirnat, Barbara (author), Galič, Aleš (mentor)

Financiranje kolektivne tožbe in stroški postopka so v kolektivnih postopkih višji kot v individualnih postopkih predvsem zaradi kompleksnosti postopka in števila članov skupine. Zaradi tega je postopek s kolektivno tožbo po navadi dražji kot individualni postopek, zato so potrebna pravila o financiranju in delitvi stroškov. V Sloveniji in v večini držav EU je temeljno pravilo glede delitve stroškov načelo uspeha, po katerem stroške tiste stranke, ki je v postopku uspela, nosi stranka, ki je v postopku izgubila. Kljub temu teorija meni, da bi bilo učinkovitejše uporabiti pravilo preusmeritve stroškov v eno smer, ki se trenutno ne uporablja v nobeni pravni ureditvi s kolektivno tožbo, ampak lahko deluje kot spodbuda tožnikom, da vlagajo kolektivne tožbe, kljub temu pa mora biti oblikovano tako, da preprečuje vlaganje neutemeljenih zahtevkov. Določitev vrednosti spora je odvisna od posamezne pravne ureditve, po navadi pa se določi drugače kot v individualnih postopkih, z namenom, da bi zmanjšala stroškovno tveganje tako za stranke kot financerje. Naloga, poleg delitve stroškov pri kolektivni tožbi, obravnava institute financiranja kolektivne tožbe – financiranje s strani zastopnika skupine, financiranje s pomočjo brezplačne pravne pomoči ter zavarovanja za stroške postopka, dogovore o plačilu po deležu iz prisojenega zneska z odvetniki ter financiranje postopka s strani tretjih oseb. Alternativne možnosti financiranja so potrebne, saj drugače tožniki nimajo spodbude, da bi, v primerjavi z individualno tožbo, vlagali kolektivne tožbe.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: kolektivna tožba, stroški postopka, financiranje, financiranje s strani tretjih oseb
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-121730
• COBISS.SI-ID: 35853571
• Publication date in RUL: 24.10.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Litigation Costs and Funding of Collective Action

Abstract

Financing of collective actions and costs that the proceedings bring are usually higher than in individual proceedings due to its complexity and number of members of the group. This means collective action proceedings are usually more expensive than individual ones and that rules regarding financing of the procedure and cost allocation are needed. In Slovenia and most of the EU the most common principle of cost allocation is the English rule which means that the losing party pays costs of the successful claimant. The theory states that the most sufficient solution regarding costs in collective actions would be one-way cost shifting rule that is not used in any collective action proceeding at the moment. This can work as an incentive to claimants to bring more collective actions, however it still needs to protect defendants against unfounded claims. The value of the claim of collective action depends on the individual national jurisdiction and it is usually set in a different way than for individual proceedings following the purpose of reducing risk costs for both parties and funders. The following thesis provides an analysis of funding mechanisms of collective actions such as financing by the class representative, financing through legal aid or legal insurance, contingency fee agreements and third-party litigation funding. It will be shown that alternative funding mechanisms are much needed in collective actions proceedings, otherwise there is not much incentives for claimants to bring a collective action compared to individual proceedings.

• Keywords: Collective Action, Litigation Costs, Financing, Third Party Litigation Funding