Preprečevanje padcev starostnikov v domačem okolju : diplomsko delo

Draksler, Nika (author), Tomšič, Marija (mentor), Galof, Katarina (reviewer)

Uvod: Po svetu letno zabeležimo 37,3 milijona padcev, zaradi katerih je potrebna zdravniška pomoč. Najpogostejše posledice padcev, pri katerih pride do poškodbe, so zlomi kolka, zlomi roke, podplutbe in bolečine. Starostniki pogosto izgubijo možnost, da bi lahko živeli v varnem domačem okolju, zato imajo pri tem pomembno vlogo delovni terapevti. S primernimi pristopi, prilagoditvami okolja, izvajanjem aktivnosti in rehabilitacijskimi strategijami za izboljšanje tako motoričnih kot procesnih spretnosti lahko preprečijo nastanek padcev in s svojo prisotnostjo v domačem okolju omogočajo boljši vpogled v težave, s katerimi se vsakodnevno srečujejo. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pomočjo pregleda obstoječe literature in z izvedbo standardiziranih ocenjevalnih instrumentov ugotoviti, kakšni so dejavniki tveganja starostnikov za nastanek padcev v domačem okolju in kateri izmed njih so najpogostejši, kako lahko delovni terapevt načrtuje strategije za preprečevanje padcev pri starostnikih v domačem okolju in s katerimi strategijami lahko preprečimo njihov nastanek. Metode dela: V raziskavo smo vključili 50 starostnikov, povprečne starosti 75 ± 7,7 leta. Rezultate smo merili z vprašalnikom o ocenitvi tveganosti za padce in vprašalnikom o nesrečah in padcih v domačem okolju. Statistično pomembno razliko smo ugotavljali z Mann-Whitneyjevim preizkusom in hi-kvadratom. Rezultati: Mann-Whitneyjev preizkus je pokazal, da razlike v povprečnem dojemanju tveganosti glede na starostno skupino v raziskavi niso statistično značilne (U = 269,00, p = 0,50). S testom Hi-kvadrat pa smo ugotovili, da so približno enaki deleži starostnikov do in nad 70 let enako zastopani (x^2 = 0,825, p = 0,662) pri vsakem odgovoru (nizka, srednja, visoka ocena tveganosti za padce). Razprava in zaključek: Delovni terapevti smo usposobljeni za izvajanje ocen dejavnikov tveganja in izvajanje fizičnih, okoljskih in vedenjskih intervencij, da zmanjšamo tveganje za poškodbe, izboljšamo varnost in starostnikom omogočimo, da povečajo svojo funkcijo in izpolnijo vloge, ki odražajo njihove vrednote in identitete. Z rezultati diplomskega dela smo pridobili potrditev, da je pogostost dejavnikov relativno visoka in na načelni ravni utemeljena za načrtovanje in izvajanje intervencij preprečevanja padcev starostnikov v domačem okolju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, preprečevanje padcev, starostniki, domače okolje, dejavniki tveganja, prilagoditve okolja
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [N. Draksler]
• Year: 2020
• Number of pages: 26 str., [10] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-121262
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 30880771
• Publication date in RUL: 02.10.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Prevention of falls in the elderly in their home environment : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: We yearly record 37.3 million falls that require medical attention. The most common consequences of falls that result in injury are hip fractures, arm fractures, bruises, and pain. Since older people often lose the opportunity to live in a safe home environment, occupational therapists assume an important role in their lives. With appropriate approaches, environmental adaptations, the implementation of activities, and rehabilitation strategies to improve both motor and process skills of the elderly, occupational therapists can prevent falls and, with their presence in the home environment, provide a better insight into the problems the elderly face on a daily basis. Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to review the existing literature and implement standardized assessment instruments to determine the risk factors for falls of the elderly in their home environment and which of them are the most common, how an occupational therapist can plan strategies to prevent falls in the elderly in their home environment and what strategies can be used to prevent their occurrence. Methods: The study included 50 elderly people, whose average age was 75 years ± 7.7. The results were measured with the Fall Risk Assessment Questionnaire and the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (Home Fast). Statistically significant difference was determined with the Mann-Whitney test and the Chi-squared test. Results: The Mann-Whitney test showed that the differences in the average risk perception according to the age group in the study were not statistically significant (U = 269.00, p = 0.50). We discovered that proportions of the elderly up to and over 70 years of age were equally represented (x^2 = 0.825, p = 0.662) in every response (low, medium, high fall risk assessment). Discussion and conclusion: Occupational therapists are qualified to assess risk factors and make physical, environmental and behavioural interventions to reduce the risk of injuries, improve safety and enable the elderly to increase their function and assume the roles that express their values and identity. With the help of this paper, we can confirm that the frequency of risk factors is relatively high and that it justifies the planning and implementation of interventions to prevent falls of the elderly in their home environment.

• Keywords: diploma theses, occupational therapy, fall prevention, elderly, home environment, risk factors, home modifications