Svetopisemski motivi v pravljicah bratov Grimm

Šlankovič, Petra (author), Blažič, Milena Mileva (mentor)

Otroci imajo radi pravljice, saj jih zabavajo, tolažijo in spodbujajo k novim izzivom, poleg tega tudi razvijajo njihovo domišljijo in čustva ter pripomorejo k prenašanju kulturne dediščine. Pravljice so se v preteklosti v večini prenašale z ustnim izročilom in so jih pripovedovalci prilagajali po svoje. Brata Grimm, ki veljata za začetnika in utemeljitelja znanstvene metode zbiranja in zapisovanja ljudskih pravljic, sta zaslovela z zbirko Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1812), v kateri sta zbrala ljudske pravljice in jih delno priredila. Večina pravljic je nastala v času, ko je bila vera zelo pomembna, zato vsebujejo poleg drugih motivov tudi verske. V našem magistrskem delu smo se odločili, da bomo v pravljicah bratov Grimm raziskovali motive, ki temeljijo na Svetem pismu. V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili pojme, ki so ključni za našo raziskavo; na začetku smo navedli temeljne značilnosti Svetega pisma, kratko zgodovino nastanka, opredelili različna Sveta pisma in pojasnili, katerega smo uporabili za raziskavo in zakaj. Nato smo pojasnili književni vpliv na Sveto pismo in se dotaknili teme Sveto pismo in otroci. Sledi opredelitev pravljice, njene funkcije in pomena. Opisali smo tudi pojem motiv, prikazali verske motive iz centra Hansa Christiana Andersena in motive s kvalifikatorjem »bibl.« iz portala Fran, ki smo jih uporabili za našo raziskavo. Podrobneje smo predstavili naša pravljičarja, njuno življenje, delo in zbiranje pravljic. Njune pravljice Kinder- und Hausmärchen so prav tako uvrščene v ATU-indeks, ki je mednarodna klasifikacija pravljičnih motivov oz. tipov. Analizirali smo učne načrte za slovenščino iz 1984, 1998, 2011 in 2018 ter pregledali umeščenost Grimmovih pravljic in svetopisemskih besedil. Ugotovili smo, da se Grimmove pravljice pojavljajo v nižjih razredih (1. triada), svetopisemska besedila pa v višjih razredih (3. triada). V empiričnem delu smo prebrali pravljice bratov Grimm iz prve rokopisne (1810) zbirke, ki so zbrane v knjigi Pravljice bratov Grimm: Od prvotne rokopisne zbirke iz 1810 do recepcije na Slovenskem, in enake pravljice, ki se pojavijo z zadnji izdaji pravljic: Prva in druga knjiga zbranih pravljic (1857). Zanimalo nas je, kateri svetopisemski motivi se pojavljajo v njunih pravljicah in kateri so najpogostejši, katere pravljice vsebujejo največ svetopisemskih motivov, kako so se svetopisemski motiv spreminjali med prvo in zadnjo zbirko skozi verbalno besedilo in kako skozi vizualno besedilo (študija primera: Trnuljčica). Ugotovili smo, da prvotna zbirka pravljic vključuje 21 svetopisemskih motivov, izbrane pravljice iz zadnje zbirke pa 47, kar pomeni, da sta brata Grimm prvotnim verzijam pravljic dodajala svetopisemske motive. V rokopisni zbirki je najpogostejši motiv prerokba, sledijo mu motivi angeli, Bog, cerkev, Hudič, Satan, krst in vstajenje. V zadnji izdaji pravljic je najpogostejši motiv Bog, sledita motiva blagoslov in zaupanje v Božjo previdnost. Brata Grimm sta motive prikazala neposredno (dobesedno navajanje) in posredno (preko konteksta in dejanj); analizirali in raziskovali smo oba načina. Na koncu smo izbrali še dvanajst najzanimivejših motivov in v preglednici izpisali odlomke iz pravljic, ki jih vsebujejo, in odlomke iz Svetega pisma ter komentirali podobnosti in razlike.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: brata Grimm
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-121197
• COBISS.SI-ID: 30490115
• Publication date in RUL: 02.10.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Biblical motifs in the fairy tales of the Grimm brothers

Abstract

Children like fairy tales as they find them fun, comforting and are challenged by them. They also develop their imagination and emotions and help pass on the cultural heritage. Fairy tales used to be transmitted orally and they were often adapted by different story tellers. Brothers Grimm are regarded to be the conceptual fathers of the scientific method of collecting and writing folk fairy tales and they have become famous with Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1812) collection. The later is a collection and a partial adaptation of folk fairy tales. As it was written during the time when faith was particularly important it contains religious motives as well as other motives. In our master thesis we have decided to research motifs in the Grimm fairy tales based on the Bible. In the theoretical part we have introduced concepts crucial for our research – we have described the basic characteristics of the Scripture, offered a short history of the Bible, defined the different versions of the Bible and stated which version was used in our research and why. This was followed by the description of different literary influences upon the Scripture and touched upon the topic of the Bible and children. This is followed by the definition of a fairy tale, its function and meaning. We have defined an idea of a motif as well as shown different religious motives as defined by Hans Christian Andersen centre and as defined by the Fran qualification “bibl.”, that were used in our research. We have also described the biography of the authors. Their fairy tales Kinder- und Hausmȁrchen are also a part of an ATU index, which is an international classification of fairy tale motifs and types. We have analysed Slovene language curriculums from 1994, 1998, 2011 and 2018 and studied the integration of Grimm fairy tales and Scripture texts. We have found that the fairy tales are studied in the lower grades (1. triade) while the Bible texts are studied in the higher grades (3. triade). In the empirical part of the study we have read fairy tales from the first handwritten (1810) collection, as collected in the book Grimm Fairy tales: From the first handwritten collection to their reception in Slovenia, and the same fairy tales as published in the latest edition: First and second book of collected fairy tales (1857). We were interested in the prevalence of Scripture motifs in the fairy tales – which were the most common, which fairy tales had the most of them and how did these motifs evolve between different editions, both in verbal text and in visual text (case study Sleeping beauty). We have found that the primary collection contains 21 Christian motifs, the latest collection contains 47. This can be interpreted as brothers Grimm adding biblical motifs to original fairy tales. In the handwritten collection the most common motif is prophecy, followed by angels; God; church; Devil; Satan; baptism and resurrection. In the latest edition the most common motif is God, followed by blessing and trust in divine providence motifs. Grimm brothers have introduced the motifs directly (quotation) and indirectly (through contextualization), we have analysed and studied both ways. In the end we have also made a selection of twelve most interesting motifs and made a chart that contained the relevant section of the fairy tales as well as the relevant section of the Bible – we have commented similarities and differences.

• Keywords: Grimm brothers