Kolenske ortoze pri smučarjih s poškodbo sprednje križne vezi : diplomsko delo

Likar, Romina (author), Lampe, Tomaž (mentor), Pavlović, Monika (comentor), Levec, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: Koleno je kompleksen sklep in je zaradi anatomske zgradbe izpostavljen velikim funkcionalnim zahtevam in posledično visokim zunanjim silam. Poškodba oziroma pretrganje sprednje križne vezi se pogosto pojavi pri alpskem smučanju. Zdravniki se glede na stopnjo poškodbe odločajo med konservativnim zdravljenjem ali kirurško rekonstrukcijo vezi. Kolenske ortoze delimo po funkciji na preventivne, funkcionalne in rehabilitacijske. Ortoze naj bi zmanjšale strižne sile, stabilizirale kolenski sklep ter nudile boljši nadzor nad rotacijo kolenskega sklepa. Zato se pri smučarjih priporoča uporabo ortoze pri poškodbi in rekonstrukciji sprednje križne vezi. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil raziskati in predstaviti ortoze, ki so primerne za oskrbo poškodb sprednje križne vezi pri smučarjih ter ugotoviti njihovo učinkovitost s pomočjo pregledanih strokovnih in znanstvenih člankov. Metode dela: Usmerili smo se na pregled obstoječih strokovnih in znanstvenih člankov, ki smo jih iskali s pomočjo podatkovnih baza Google Scholar, SienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink ter SAGE Journals. Literaturo smo iskali v angleškem in slovenskem jeziku z omejitvijo časa objave med letoma 2010 in 2020. Med iskanjem primerne literature smo se osredotočili predvsem na raziskave, ki vključujejo poškodbe sprednjih križnih vezi pri smučanju ter uporabo in učinkovitost za to primernih ortoz. Rezultati: Vključenih je bilo osem člankov. Šest jih opisuje obremenjenost sprednje križne vezi med smučanjem, učinkovitost ter vpliv ortoz za koleno pri smučarjih. En članek predstavlja nove preventivne kolenske ortoze iz trdega materiala v povezavi s specializiranim kompresijskim spodnjim perilom z opisom njene učinkovitosti. Zadnji predstavlja vpliv prilagojene ortoze za koleno pri profesionalnih smučarjih. Razprava in zaključek: Uporaba kolenske ortoze pri smučarjih po poškodbi sprednje križne vezi je priporočena in koristna, saj lahko prepreči ponovno natrganje sprednje križne vezi in nadaljnje poškodbe kolena. Če upoštevamo samo mehanske vidike, velja, da bi lahko razvili športno ortozo za koleno, ki bi nadzirala strižne sile in notranjo rotacijo kolenskega sklepa. Uporabljale bi se za preprečevanje športnih poškodb ali za rehabilitacijo. Na omenjenem področju opažamo malo raziskav, zato za boljši vpogled v problematiko in rešitve v prihodnosti priporočamo dodatne raziskave.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, ortotika in protetika, sprednja križna vez, smučanje, športne poškodbe, kolenske ortoze
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [R. Likar]
• Year: 2020
• Number of pages: 23 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-121193
• UDC: 617.3
• COBISS.SI-ID: 30796803
• Publication date in RUL: 01.10.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Knee braces in skiers with anterior cruciate ligament injury : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: A knee is a complex joint. Because of its complex anatomical structure, it is exposed to high functional requirements and external forces. There is a high incidence of an anterior cruciate ligament injury in alpine skiers. Medical staff usually decide whether to treat the injury conservatively or by surgical reconstruction of the ligament. Knee braces are divided into prophylactic, functional, and rehabilitative. Braces reduce shear forces, stabilize the knee joint, and control knee joint rotation. Therefore, the use of knee braces after the reconstruction of the anterior knee cruciate ligament is recommended for alpine skiers. Purpose: The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis was to explore and present knee braces that are suitable for knee cruciate ligament injury treatment in alpine skiers. Besides, we wanted to determine their efficiency based on the review of scientific and professional articles. Methods: Our main focus was on existing professional and scientific articles. The literature review was conducted using Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, SpringerLink, and SAGE Journals databases. The literature used in our research was published in English and Slovenian language between the years 2010 and 2020. During the research for suitable literature, we focused primarily on studies that included anterior cruciate ligament injuries in skiers and described the use and efficiency of suitable knee braces. Results: Eight articles were included. Six of them illustrate a load of the anterior cruciate ligament during skiing, efficiency, and braces impact on the skier’s knee. One of the articles represents and illustrates the efficiency of new preventive knee braces made of solid material in connection with specialized compression underwear. The last one represents the impact of customized knee braces on professional skiers. Discussion and conclusion: The use of knee braces for alpine skiers is recommended when the anterior cruciate ligament injury occurs because it prevents additional damage on knee ligament structures. If only mechanical aspects are considered, we could hypothetically develop sports orthosis which could control shear force and internal knee joint rotation. Those could be used for injury prevention or rehabilitation. We notice a lack of research in this field. For a better insight of problems and solutions regarding anterior cruciate ligament injuries in skiers, therefore, further research is recommended.

• Keywords: diploma theses, orthotics and prosthetics, anterior cruciate ligament, skiing, sport injuries, knee braces