Vplivi alkohola na kakovost življenja in zdravje : diplomsko delo

Tekavčič, Marjeta (author), Pandel Mikuš, Ruža (mentor), Ovijač, Darja (reviewer)

Uvod: Vsako pitje alkohola je tvegano in lahko privede do škodljivih posledic. Prekomerna uporaba alkohola pomeni dejavnik tveganja za prezgodnjo smrt, invalidnost in toksične učinke. Na škodljivo rabo alkohola ne vpliva samo količina popitega alkohola, temveč tudi načini pitja, starost, spol, občutljivost za alkohol, časovno obdobje pitja alkohola, zdravila in količina zaužite hrane. Namen: V diplomskem delu želimo predstaviti vplive alkohola na fizično in psihično zdravje ter vlogo medicinske sestre pri obravnavi oseb s prekomernim pitjem alkohola. Predstavili bomo tudi načine uporabe alkohola med mladimi. Metode dela: Pri izdelavi diplomskega dela smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela s kritičnim pregledom slovenske in tuje literature. Zbiranje literature je potekalo od avgusta 2019 do decembra 2019. Literaturo smo iskali s pomočjo podatkovnih baz CINAHL, PubMed in ScienceDirect. Literaturo smo iskali tudi na spletni strani Nacionalnega inštituta za javno zdravje. Rezultati: Trendi vseh oblik pitja padajo. Pri mladih je uživanje alkohola bolj epizodno oziroma kompulzivno in prekomerno. V Sloveniji se povečuje razširjenost zgodnjega uživanja alkohola, tako za fante kot za dekleta. Velja tudi, da se viša delež moških pivcev, pri ženskah pa se viša delež abstinentk. Na uživanje alkohola vpliva izobrazba, in sicer manj izobraženi moški imajo večjo verjetnost za kompulzivno pitje, pri ženskah pa velja, da starejše in bolj izobražene kot so, bolj se povečuje možnost za prekomerno pitje. Prisotnost negativnih odnosov zdravstvenih delavcev do oseb, ki imajo težave z alkoholom, vplivajo na slabšo obravnavo pacienta in posledično na slabši uspeh zdravljenja. Razprava in zaključek: Redno pitje in tvegani vzorci rabe alkohola se med mladimi v večini držav zmanjšuje. Dekleta v Sloveniji se po deležu opitih približujejo fantom. V splošnem moški v Sloveniji in EU pijejo alkoholne pijače pogosteje kakor ženske. Ženske so k alkoholu bolj nagnjene, kadar so prisotna negativna čustva. Pomembno vlogo pri vzrokih in potekih motenj uživanja alkohola ima okolje, kjer oseba živi. Promocija zdravja je pomembna v vseh starostnih obdobjih, še posebno v obdobju mladostnika. Medicinske sestre morajo biti izobražene za uspešno komunikacijo s pacienti, ki so razvili odvisnost od alkohola.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, zloraba alkohola, alkoholizem, medicinske sestre, zdravljenje, dejavniki tveganja
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Tekavčič]
• Year: 2020
• Number of pages: 33 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-120586
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 29358083
• Publication date in RUL: 23.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The effects of alcohol on quality of life and health : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Any drinking of alcohol is risky and can lead to harmful consequences. Excessive drinking of alcohol can lead to premature death, disability, and toxic effects on the body. Harmful alcohol use is affected not only by the amount of alcohol consumed, but also by drinking patterns, age, gender, sensitivity to alcohol, time period of drinking alcohol, medications, and amount of food consumed. Purpose: In the graduation thesis we present effect of alcohol on physical and mental health and the role of a nurse in treatment of patients with excessive alcohol consumption. We also present the trend of alcohol consumption among youngsters. Methods: We used descriptive method with critical study of Slovenian and foreign literature, collected from August 2019 until December 2019, from databases CINAHL, PubMed, ScienceDirect and the Slovenian National Institute of Public Health. Results: The trend of all forms of alcohol consumption is decreasing. Youngsters tend to consume alcohol in episodes of excessive drinking, compulsively. Drinking at early age is spreading in Slovenia, among both boys and girls. The share of male drinkers is increasing, whereas females are increasingly more likely to abstain from it. More educated men are less prone to excessive alcohol consumption, whereas more educated and older women are more inclined to indulge in compulsory excessive drinking. Negative attitude of medical staff towards people with drinking problems negatively affect treatment of such individuals, and therefore success of their treatment. Discussion and conclusion: Regular drinking and risky patterns in most countries are on the downturn. Girls in Slovenia are approaching the share of intoxicated boys. In general, men in Slovenia and the EU drink alcohol more often than women. Women are more prone to alcohol when negative emotions are present. The environment in which a person lives plays an important role in the causes and course of alcohol consumption disorders. Promotion of health is important for all ages, the most for younger people. Nurses should be educated for communicating with patients suffering from addiction.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, alcohol abuse, alcoholism, nurses, treatment, risk factors