NAPAKE KOMPASOV NA LADJAH

Demšar, Jure (author), Suban, Valter (mentor), Perkovič, Marko (comentor)

Magnetni kompas deluje pod vplivom silnic zemeljskega magnetnega polja in njegov direktivni element bi se postavil v njihovi smeri oziroma poravnal z magnetnim meridianom, če ne bi bilo učinka deviacijskega magnetnega polja, ki je posledica magnetizma v železnih strukturah ladje. Žiro kompas je voden in dušen žiroskop, ki za svoje delovanje potrebuje napajanje z električno energijo. Zaradi vrtilne količine rotorja in pojava precesije ob nagibu osi vrtenja, s pomočjo gravitacije in pod vplivom rotacije zemlje, išče pravi meridian; os vrtenja rotorja pa se mora na meridianu tudi umiriti, kar se doseže z dušenjem oscilacij. Ker je princip delovanja kompasov različen in tako nanju vplivajo drugi dejavniki, je tudi značaj napak pri njunem delovanju povsem specifičen. In ker je dejavnikov mnogo, se pojavlja tudi več napak različnega tipa, vsako od teh pa je treba prepoznati in, kadar je to mogoče in praktično, obravnavati z ustrezno metodo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Magnetni kompas, zemeljski magnetizem, ladijski magnetizem, deviacija, koeficienti, žiro kompas, prosti žiroskop, vodeni žiroskop, dušeni žiroskop, precesija, napake kompasov.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FPP - Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-120533
• Publication date in RUL: 22.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: COMPASS ERRORS ON SHIPS

Abstract

The operation of the magnetic compass is influenced by the lines of the earth's magnetic field and the compass' directive element would adopt the direction of the lines i.e. align with the magnetic meridian, if it were not for the impact of the deviating magnetic field, consequential to the magnetism present within the iron structures of the ship. Gyro compass is a controlled and damped gyroscope that only works being supplied electrical energy. Due to both the rotor's angular momentum and precession triggered by the tilt of the axis of rotation, utilizing gravity and being affected by the rotation of the earth, it tends to seek the true meridian; the rotation axis of the rotor, though, needs to settle in the meridian, which is attained through damping of oscillations. With regard to the fact that the compasses operate in a dissimilar way and that they are subject to different factors, the character of operational errors of each of the compasses proves to be entirely distinct. And since the factors are many, various types of errors arise, of which each needs to be acknowledged and addressed to, when possible and practicable, by means of the proper method.

• Keywords: Magnetic compass, terrestrial magnetism, ship magnetism, deviation, coefficients, gyro compass, free gyroscope, controlled gyroscope, damped gyroscope, precession, compass errors.