Vpliv organsko-mineralnih gnojil na agronomske lastnosti koruze (Zea mays L.)

Ščuka, Matej (author), Kocjan Ačko, Darja (mentor), Flajšman, Marko (co-mentor)

Koruza (Zea mays L.) je gospodarsko najpomembnejša poljščina, saj je z njo posejanih skoraj 40 odstotkov slovenskih njiv. Gnojenje je eden od najpomembnejših tehnoloških ukrepov za doseganje velikih pridelkov koruznega zrnja ali silirne mase. Organsko-mineralna gnojila so počasi delujoča gnojila, narejena na osnovi vlažne šote, ki preprečujejo izhlapevanje dušika v ozračje in izpiranje hranil v podtalnico. Poljski poskus z dvema hibridoma koruze 'P9234' (FAO 340) in 'P9911' (FAO 410) je bil izveden na Laboratorijskem polju Oddelka za agronomijo Biotehniške fakultete v letu 2019. Testirali smo vpliv organsko-mineralnih gnojil na agronomske lastnosti koruze. Ugotovili smo, da imajo organsko-mineralna gnojila pozitivni vpliv na večino agronomskih lastnosti koruze. Največji pridelek koruze s 14-odstotno vlažnostjo zrnja (12.306 kg/ha), smo dobili pri hibridu 'P9911', ki je bil pognojen z organsko-mineralnim gnojilom (Superalba Max) in mineralnim gnojilom (UREA 46 % N). Na drugo mesto, s pridelkom 12.124 kg/ha, se je uvrstil isti hibrid, ki je bil pognojen le z organsko-mineralnimi gnojili (Superalba Max, Azotop 30). Poleg pridelka zrnja je pri pridelovanju koruze pomembna tudi masa nadzemnega dela rastline (silirna masa). Največjo maso nadzemnega dela smo dobili pri hibridu 'P9911', ki je bil pognojen le z organsko-mineralnimi gnojili. Ugotovili smo, da ima na delež dušika v nadzemnem delu rastline in zrnu največji vpliv prav gnojenje z dušikom in ne izbor hibrida.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: koruza, Zea mays, organsko-mineralna gnojila, pridelek zrnja
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [M. Ščuka]
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-120447
• UDC: 633.11:631.8:631.559(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 29809155
• Publication date in RUL: 20.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The impact of organic-mineral fertilizers on agronomic features of maize (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is economically the most important crop, as it is used for almost 40% of the crop fields in Slovenia. Fertilization is one of the most important technological measures for achieving large yields of maize grain or silage. Organic-mineral fertilizers are slow-acting fertilizers based on moist peat, which prevent the evaporation of nitrogen into the atmosphere and the leaking of nutrients into groundwater. A field experiment with two maize hybrids 'P9234' (FAO 340) and 'P9911' (FAO 410) took place in the Laboratory Field of the Department of Agronomy of the Biotechnical Faculty in 2019. With the experiment, we tested the influence of the organic-mineral fertilizers on the agronomic properties of maize. Our results show that organic mineral fertilizers have a positive effect on most of the agronomic properties of maize. The highest yield of maize with 14% grain moisture was obtained from the hybrid 'P9911', which was fertilized with organic-mineral fertilizer from the Italian manufacturer and mineral fertilizer. This amounted to 12,306 kg/ha. The same hybrid, but fertilized only with organic-mineral fertilizers ranked second with a yield of 12,124 kg/ha. In addition to the grain yield, the weight of the aboveground part of the plant (silage mass) is also very important in maize production. The highest mass of the aboveground part of maize was obtained from the hybrid 'P9911', which was fertilized only with organic-mineral fertilizers from the Italian manufacturer. We found that rather than the selection of the hybrid, nitrogen fertilization has a higher impact on the nitrogen content in the aboveground part of the plant and the grain.

• Keywords: maize, Zea mays, organic-mineral fertilizers, grain yield