The masterʼs thesis deals with the issue of words and word forms which, due to historical development and phraseological laws, appear only as phraseological components in language. This means that we are talking about the limitation of linguistic components to the syntactic-semantic structure of phraseological units. In the thesis, we divide these linguistic components according to the degree of limitation, namely we define unical components for the most limited and invariant, and we define components with a weaker bond as phraseologically bound words. The introduction presents various theoretical starting points and conceptualisations of unical components and their employment in modern phraseology, especially in the German and Russian linguistic spaces. Related but not completely overlapping phraseological terms taken into Slovene as archaisms, phraseologically bound words, necrotisms and unical components are placed in juxtaposition. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of studying these phraseological components with regard to etymology, grammar, lexicography and language teaching. Such components can also play a special role in relation to linguistic and cultural awareness within the language community. Unical components are presented in detail from four viewpoints, which highlight the language user and language material as established starting points for defining unical components, questions about idiomaticity of phrasemes with unical components, and the role of linguistic and temporal characterization in their determination. An experimental list of Russian and Slovene phrasemes containing potentially unical components has been formed with the help of aforementioned viewpoints and available literature. These listed phraseological units, together with their potential unical components, are classified into an adapted typology, within which we first distinguish between archaic and non-archaic unical components, which are then at a lower level divided into lexical and grammatical ones. In the last part, an empirical analysis of a random sample of listed phraseological units is performed. Based on the results of the analysis, it is possible to assume the relationship between phraseologically bound words and unical components, and to form a general conclusion about the representation of such phraseological components within each individual language.
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