Seznanjenost z ugovorom vesti, njegova uporaba in odnos do ugovora v slovenskih zunanjih lekarnah

Kreslin, Anja (author), Horvat, Nejc (mentor)

Ugovor vesti spada med etične dileme, katerih zaznavanje je dokaj redko. Čeprav pri farmacevtih lahko povzročajo hudo moralno stisko, pa je to področje v Sloveniji še precej neraziskano. Namen magistrske naloge je bil raziskati področje ugovora vesti z vidika seznanjenosti z njim, njegove uporabe in odnosa slovenskih lekarniških farmacevtov zunanjih lekarn do te etične dileme. Za raziskavo smo uporabili metodo fokusne skupine, katere vsebino smo oblikovali s pomočjo sistematičnega pregleda objavljene literature in spletnega anketiranja ciljne populacije. Najprej smo vzpostavili iskalni profil, ki smo ga uporabili za sistematični pregled objavljene literature. Nato smo, z namenom spoznavanja izkušenj in izzivov pri uveljavljanju ugovora vesti v Sloveniji, spletno anketirali 8 farmacevtk, ki ugovor vesti že uveljavljajo ali pa bi ga želele uveljavljati. Po oblikovanju vsebine smo uporabili fokusno skupino, v kateri je sodelovalo 6 predstavnikov različnih področij farmacije, povezanih z ugovorom vesti v zunanjih lekarnah. Opisno statistično analizo vprašalnika smo izvedli s pomočjo programa Microsoft Excel 2010, za analizo vprašanj odprtega tipa in dobesednega prepisa razprave fokusne skupine pa smo uporabili program NVivo 11 Pro. Ugotovili smo, da se pri uveljavljanju ugovora vesti pojavlja veliko dilem in nedorečenosti. Manjka namreč jasna opredelitev ugovora vesti, postopka njegovega uveljavljanja in tistih področij farmacije, v okviru katerih bi bilo njegovo uveljavljanje možno. Farmacevti imajo zakonsko pravico do ugovora vesti, kljub temu pa obstajajo težave pri njegovem izvajanju v praksi. V Sloveniji natančnega števila farmacevtov, ki so oz. ki uveljavljajo ugovor vesti, ne poznamo, ocenjuje se, da jih je zelo malo. Slabo poznavanje ugovora vesti naj bi bilo prisotno predvsem pri tistih farmacevtih, ki nimajo etičnih zadržkov. Velik problem predstavlja tudi seznanjenost pacientov s pravico do ugovora vesti farmacevtov, ki po mnenju članov fokusne skupine tega področja v veliki večini ne poznajo oz. ga ne upoštevajo. Za slabši odnos delodajalcev do ugovora vesti naj bi bila v večini primerov odgovorna stiska, povezana z organiziranjem dela ter strahom pred zlorabami. Za izboljšanje odnosov bi bilo zato najprej potrebno urediti področje organizacije dela, kar bi posledično vplivalo tudi na sprejemanje in odnos do te etične dileme, dodatno pa bi lahko pomagala tudi ustrezna izobraževanja, delavnice in predavanja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: ugovor vesti, seznanjenost, uporaba, odnos, zunanje lekarne
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-120214
• Publication date in RUL: 17.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Awareness, practice and attitude towards conscientious objection in Slovenian community pharmacies

Abstract

Conscientious objection is among ethical dilemmas, which occur rarely. Even though it can cause severe moral distress among pharmacists, conscientious objection remains relatively unexplored in Slovenia. The aim of this master’s thesis was to explore the field of conscientious objection from the standpoint of awareness, practice and attitude towards it in Slovenian community pharmacies. For the research investigation, we conducted a focus group. We formed the contents of the focus group with the help of a systematic review and an online questionnaire for pharmacists. First, we established a search profile, which we used for the systematic review of the published literature. In order to learn about the experience and challenges in the practice of conscientious objection in Slovenia, we then used an online questionnaire to survey eight pharmacists who either practice or would like to practice conscientious objection in Slovenia. After we formed the contents, we carried out the focus group with participation of six representatives of various fields of pharmacy, related to conscientious objection in community pharmacies. Descriptive statistical analysis of the questionnaire was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010, while NVivo 11 Pro was used to analyze open-ended questions of the questionnaire and the transcript of the discussion of focus group. The results of the research showed that there are many dilemmas and ambiguities in exercising conscientious objection. What is missing is a clear definition of conscientious objection, exercise process and the definition of fields in pharmacy in which pharmacists could exercise this right. Slovenian pharmacists have a legal right to conscientious objection, but despite this, there is a problem of exercising the right in practice. The exact number of pharmacists in Slovenia who exercise conscientious objection isn’t known, but is estimated to be very low. Poor awareness of conscientious objection is expected to be present mainly among pharmacists who have little ethical concern. A major problem is the patient’s awareness of conscientious objection. The majority of patients are, according to focus group members, not aware of the pharmacist’s right to conscientious objection or they disregard it. In most cases, the poorer attitude of employers towards conscientious objection is due to the difficulty of organizing work and the fear of abuse. In order to improve the relations, it would be necessary to first regulate the field of work organization, which would consequently also affect acceptance and attitude toward conscientious objection. Additional training, workshops and lectures could help as well.

• Keywords: conscientious objection, awareness, practice, attitude, community pharmacies