Vpliv apnjenja tal na vsebnost kadmija v užitnih delih izbranih vrtnin

Pančur, Eva (author), Zupan, Marko (mentor)

Kadmij je rastlinam nepotreben, vendar zelo dobro dostopen element. Njegova mobilnost in dostopnost rastlinam je večja v tleh s kislo reakcijo. S prenosom v prehranjevalno verigo lahko v prevelikih koncentracijah ogroža zdravje ljudi. Za različne rastlinske vrste je različno dostopen. V letu 2018 so na kmetiji v Šmarjah pri Jelšah, izmerili vsebnost kadmija v radiču, ki je presegala mejno vrednost, čeprav je vsebnost Cd v tleh < 0,5 mg/kg, vendar so tla močno kisla (pH 4,8). Poskus za namen magistrske naloge je bil izveden na isti kmetiji, kjer smo ugotavljali privzem kadmija v 10 užitnih delih 9-ih vrtnin. Poskus je bil izveden v vegetacijskem letu 2019, v treh ponovitvah in je imel dve obravnavanji: kontrolo in apnjeno (uporabljen je bil pripravek Kalcevita za povečanje pH vrednosti tal). Namen magistrskega dela je bil ugotoviti kako apnjenje tal vpliva na privzem kadmija v različne vrtnine. Zanimalo nas je kako se vsebnost kadmija razlikuje v enakih vrtninah na apnjenih in kontrolnih tleh, katera vrtnina je najbolj varna za pridelavo na apnjenih tleh in katere vrtnine se na kmetiji lahko pridelujejo brez apnjenja tal. Spomladi, pred setvijo/sajenjem in jeseni, po rastni dobi vrtnin so bili odvzeti vzorci kontrolnih in apnjenih tal s sondiranjem. Izvedena je bila standarda pedološka analiza tal in analiza celokupne ter dostopne frakcije Cd. Rastlinske vzorce smo odvzeli v tehnološki zrelosti vrtnin. Užitne dele vrtnin smo očistili, posušili in naredili analizo skupne vsebnosti Cd. Ugotovili smo, da je vsebnost kadmija na nekaterih poljinah apnjenih tal večja kot na kontrolnih tleh, nekatere vrtnine so celo presegle normative o mejni vrednosti Cd v živilih. Vsebnost kadmija v povprečju ni bila večja pri vrtninah iz kontrolnih tal. V različnih delih vrtnin se kadmij akumulira v različnem obsegu, kar smo potrdili pri peteršilju. Vsebnost Cd pri korenu peteršilja je na poljini A2 presegla mejno vrednost, v listih pa je bila majhna in se ni približala normativu. Vsebnost kadmija je bila različna pri različnih vrtninah v enakem obravnavanju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: apnjenje, kadmij, kisla tla, poljski poskus, mikrovalovni kislinski razklop
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [E. Pančur]
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-119808
• UDC: 631.41:546.48:631.821:343.347.1(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 30081027
• Publication date in RUL: 11.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The impact of soil liming on the concentration of cadmium in edible parts of selected vegetables

Abstract

Cadmium is not essential for plants growth, but highly available for uptake. Its mobility and availability for plants is higher in acid soil. By being transferred into the food chain, in higher concentrations it can endanger human health. Its availability varies by different plant species. The concentration in chicory elevated on the farm in Šmarje pri Jelšah in 2018. It was confirmed that the limited value was exceeded, although the concentration of Cd in soil was <0.5 mg/kg, yet the soil was immensely acidic (pH 4.8). The experiment for purposes of the Master's thesis was carried out on the same farm, where the uptake of cadmium was determined in 10 edible parts of 9 vegetables. The experiment was conducted in vegetation year 2019 in three repetitions of two treatments: control and liming (Kalcevita preparation was used to increase the pH of the soil). The purpose of the thesis was to determine how soil liming affects the cadmium uptake into various vegetables. We were interested into how cadmium the concentration differs in the same vegetables on liming and control soils, which vegetables are safer to grow on liming soil and which vegetables can be grown without soil liming. The samples of control and limed soil were taken by probing in the spring, before sowing/planting and in the autumn, after the growing season. Standard soil parameters were analysed. Additionally, total and available Cd fractions were performed. Plant samples were harvested at the technological maturity of the vegetables. Edible vegetable parts were cleaned and dried. In addition, the samples were analysed for total Cd concentration. It was established that the concentration of cadmium was higher in some fields of limed soils than that of the control soils, however, both under the natural background value for Slovenia. Certain vegetables exceeded the limit value of Cd in food. An average concentration of Cd was not higher in vegetables from control soils as expected. Cadmium accumulates in miscellaneous parts of vegetables to different extent which was confirmed in parsley. Cd concentration in parsley root in the A2 field exceeded the limit value, while the concentration in its leaves was low and did not access the permissible value. Cadmium concentration varied by different vegetables in the same treatment.

• Keywords: liming, cadmium, acid soil, field experiment, microwave acid digestation