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Prispevek k razumevanju evolucije samozavedanja s primerjalno nevroznanstveno metodo
ID Elersič, Kristian (Author), ID Belušič, Gregor (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window, ID Markič, Olga (Comentor)

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Abstract
Magistrska naloga predstavlja poskus razumevanja evolucije samozavedanja. V njej preverjam tri hipoteze: hipotezo gradientnosti, hipotezo socialnosti in hipotezo kompleksnosti. Prva predpostavlja, da ima samozavedanje več stopenj, tako v okviru ontogenetskega, kakor tudi filogenetskega razvoja. Druga predpostavlja, da je samozavedanje prilagoditev na socialno okolje. Tretja pa predpostavlja, da mora biti organizem dovolj kompleksen, da se lahko samozaveda. Naloga je teoretične narave in temelji na analizi izbrane filozofske in nevroznanstvene literature. Pregled izbrane filozofske literature služi postavitvi okvirjev, v katere umeščam nevroznanstvene raziskave. Na podlagi raziskav lahko sklepamo, da se lahko živali in dojenčki samozavedajo, a ne v enakem smislu, kakor se odrasli ljudje. Pregled primerjalno nevroznanstvene literature pa nam določiti verjetnost samozavedanja različnih živalskih taksonov. Osnovna predpostavka je, da čim več kompleksnih vedenj, ki so povezana s samozavedanjem, žival izkazuje, in čim bolj kompleksen živčni sistem kot ima, tem višja je verjetnost, da se samozaveda. Končni sklep je, da so samozavedne človeku podobne opice, sloni, kiti in morebiti vrani, kjer možnosti samozavedanja nekaterih preostalih živali ne moremo povsem izključiti.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:samozavedanje, evolucija, primerjalna nevroznanost, kompleksna vedenja, samozavedanje živali, nevrobiologija, filozofija, kognitivna znanost
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Organization:BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Year:2020
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-119428 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:28361219 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:09.09.2020
Views:1398
Downloads:188
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:On the evolution of self-awareness, comparative neuroscientific approach
Abstract:
The master thesis addresses the question of evolution of self-consciousness. I propose three hypotheses. The first one states that self-consciousness can be interpreted as a multi-step phenomenon, both in ontogenetical and phylogenetical development. The second hypothesis states that self-consciousness is an adaptation to the requirements of the social environment. The third one states that an organism must be complex enough to be self-conscious. The thesis is theoretical, based on the analysis of selected philosophical and comparative-neuroscientific literature. The philosophical literature sets the basis upon which I interpret the neuroscientific literature. The main idea is that animals and toddlers can be self-conscious, but not in a way as grown humans are. In this way we can talk about different degrees of self-consciousness. The reviewed neuroscientific literature then serves as a basis for determining the probability that an animal is self-conscious. I propose that the more complex behaviors an animal shows, and the more complex nervous system it has, the greater is the probability of its self-consciousness. I conclude that at least great apes, elephants, cetaceans, and maybe corvids, are self-conscious. Other animals are not strictly excluded, since there is a lack of research on this topic.

Keywords:self-consciousness, evolution, comparative neuroscience, complex behavior, animal self-consciousness, neurobiology, philosophy, cognitive science

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