Učinkovitost vadbenih programov za korekcijo anteriorne drže glave – pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Pirnat, Žiga (author), Rugelj, Darja (mentor), Hlebš, Sonja (reviewer)

Uvod: Anteriorna drža glave se je, pogosto v kombinaciji s povečano prsno kifozo in usločenimi rameni, v današnjem sodobnem času močno razširila s pojavom sedečega življenjskega sloga in pogoste uporabe računalnikov ter pametnih telefonov. Nepravilni drži sledijo strukturne spremembe v sklepih, spremembe dolžine mišičnih vlaken ter neuravnoteženost mišične zmogljivosti. Na dolžino mišičnih vlaken lahko vplivamo z razteznimi tehnikami, na mišično zmogljivost pa z vadbenimi programi. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi pregleda razpoložljive znanstvene literature ugotoviti učinkovitost vadbenih programov za korekcijo anteriorne drže glave. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo s pregledom dostopne literature na portalu DiKUL z iskalnim terminom »forward head AND posture* AND (exercise* OR training OR treatment*)«. Izbrali smo randomizirane kontrolirane raziskave v angleškem jeziku, v časovnem okvirju med letoma 2015 in 2019 z intervencijskimi vadbenimi programi. V analizo smo vključili 14 raziskav. Rezultati: Raziskave so se močno razlikovale glede na število in starost preiskovancev, merjene spremenljivke, frekvenco in izbor vadbenih programov ter izbor merskih postopkov za določanje anteriorne drže glave. Najpogostejša meritev spremembe drže glave je bila kraniovertebralni kot. Vadbeni programi so zajemali vadbo globokih vratnih mišic upogibalk, mišic lopatice, vadbo z elastičnimi palicami »Bodyblade« in simulacijo jahanja. Vadba se je izkazala za učinkovito pri zmanjšanju stopnje anteriorne drže glave v 13 od 14 raziskav. Razprava in zaključek: Pomanjkljivosti raziskav so bile v velikostih vzorcev, opisih navodil preiskovancem pri merjenju in postopkih iskanja nevtralne drže ter merjene drže, kar lahko pomembno vpliva na izmerjene vrednosti. Vadba globokih vratnih mišic upogibalk in mišic lopatice je po poročilih 13 raziskav učinkovita za izboljšanje anteriorne drže glave. Učinkovita je tudi vadba z elastičnimi palicami »Bodyblade« in simulacija jahanja. Potrebne so dodatne raziskave za standardizacijo merskih postopkov pri ocenjevanju anteriorne drže glave ter ocena učinkovitosti vadbenih programov za korekcijo anteriorne drže glave pri starejših osebah.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, anteriorna drža glave, vadbeni programi, kraniovertebralni kot
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [Ž. Pirnat]
• Year: 2020
• Number of pages: 30 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-119277
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 27372035
• Publication date in RUL: 06.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Efficacy of exercise programs for the correction of anterior head posture – literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Forward head posture has spread radically in the contemporary world with the emergence of a sitting lifestyle and frequent use of computers and smartphones and it often appears in conjuction with increased thoracic kyphosis and rounded shoulders. Incorrect posture leads to structural changes within joints, changes of length of muscle fibres and imbalance of muscle strenght and endurance. We can influence the length of muscle fibres with streching techniques and increase muscle strenght and endurance with exercise programs. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to find out the effectiveness of exercise programs for the correction of forward head posture based on the examination of available scientific literature. Methods: We used the descriptive method with an overview of accessible literature on portal DiKUL with search terms »forward head AND posture* AND (exercise* OR training OR treatment*)«. We have chosen only randomized controlled trials with exercise intervention programs written in English language in the time frame between the year 2015 and 2019. We included 14 research papers in the analysis. Results: Research papers differentiated significantly by the number and age of the subjects, measured variables, frequency and selection of exercise programs and selection of measuring procedures for determining forward head posture. The most frequent measurement of the change of posture of the head was the craniovertebral angle. Exercise programs were composed of deep cervical flexor muscles training, training the muscles of the scapula, training with elastic sticks »Bodyblade« and simulation of horse riding. Training proved to be effective for the reduction of the degree of anterior head posture in 13 out of 14 research papers. Discussion and conclusion: There were flaws in the research papers, namely small sample sizes, lack of descriptions of measured postures and the instructions given when measuring posture and the procedures of finding a neutral posture which can all affect measured values. Training of the deep cervical flexor muscles and muscles of the scapula was proven effective in 13 out of 14 research papers for the improvement of forward head posture. Training with elastic sticks »Bodyblade« and simulation of horse riding is also effective. Additional research is needed for the development of a standardized measuring procedure and for the evaluation of effectiveness of exercise programs for correction of forward head posture for the older population.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, forward head posture, exercise programs, craniovertebral angle