Projektiranje votkovnih pletiv za oblazinjenje in dekoracijo

Gabrijel, Bernarda (author), Pavko Čuden, Alenka (mentor)

Oblikovanje sodobnih tekstilij za notranjo opremo že dolgo išče inspiracijo v preteklosti, ne le v tekstilni tradiciji, ampak tudi arhitekturi, gradbeništvu, grafiki ipd. ter industrijskem oblikovanju nasploh. Diplomsko delo z naslovom Projektiranje votkovnih pletiv za oblazinjenje in dekoracijo obravnava povezovanje slovenske kulturne dediščine in tekstilij za notranjo opremo. Cilj diplomskega dela je bil raziskati vpliv surovinske sestave prej (dodatek filamentne niti) in žakarske strukture (hrbtne strani žakarskega pletiva) na uporabne lastnosti pletiv za notranjo opremo, predvsem za oblazinjenje in dekoracijo, ter izbrati optimalno surovinsko sestavo in pleteno žakarsko strukturo za izdelavo pletiv za oblazinjenje in dekoracijo. Vzorci pletiv so bili oblikovani s pomočjo programov Adobe Illustrator in Slikar. Simulacije pletiv in izdelkov za notranjo opremo so bile izdelane s pomočjo programov Blender in Adobe Photoshop. Pletiva so bila napletena na industrijskem pletilniku SHIMA SEIKI SES 122 RT z delitvijo 12E v vezavi dvobarvni dvofonturni žakar s črtasto oz. keper hrbtno stranjo. Za pletenje smo uporabili preje iz mešanice 50 % poliakrilonitrila in 50 % volne z dolžinsko maso 36 x 2 tex. Za ojačitev strukture smo pri izbranih vzorcih vpletli poliamidni filament z dolžinsko maso 34 tex. Rezultati laboratorijskega preizkušanja pletiv so pokazali, da je za oblazinjenje in dekoracijo najustreznejše pletivo s keper hrbtno stranjo in dodanim ojačitvenim filamentom, ker ima najboljše raztezne in elastične lastnosti ter je najbolj odporno proti drgnjenju in pilingu. V primerjavi s pletivi brez dodanega filamenta je manj zračno prepustno, a je zaradi zančne strukture še vedno dovolj porozno, da zagotavlja udobnost. Potrdili smo hipotezo, da vrsta dvofonturnega žakara (struktura hrbtne strani) vpliva na zračno prepustnost izdelka. Potrdili smo tudi, da surovinska sestava pletiva (dodatek filamenta) vpliva na zbitost strukture, zračno prepustnost, elastične lastnosti in odpornost pletiva proti drgnjenju in pilingu. Struktura pletiva ima večji vpliv na elastično povratnost pletiva kot surovinska sestava pletiva.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: pletenje, pletilski CAD/CAM, notranja oprema, oblazinjenje in dekoracija, žakar
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-119159
• Publication date in RUL: 04.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Designing weft knitted fabrics for unpholstery and decoration

Abstract

The design of modern textiles for interiors has long sought inspiration, not only in the textile tradition, but also in architecture, construction, graphics, etc. and in industrial design in general. The diploma thesis entitled Design of weft knitted fabrics for upholstery and decoration deals with the connection between Slovenian cultural heritage and interior textiles. The aim of the diploma thesis was to investigate the influence of the material composition (addition of reinforcing filaments) and jacquard structure (back side) on the performance characteristics of knitted fabrics for interior, especially for upholstery and decoration, and to select the optimum material composition of knitted textiles for upholstery and decoration. Knitted patterns were designed with Adobe Illustrator and Paint. Simulations were performed with Blender and Adobe Photoshop. Knitted samples have been produced on an industrial knitting machine SHIMA SEIKI SES 122 RT, gauge 12E in double jacquard structure with stripes or bird's eye backside. For knitting, yarns were selected from a mixture of 50% polyacrylonitrile and 50% wool with a linear density of 36 x 2 tex. To reinforce the structure, polyamide filaments with a linear density of 34 tex were included in the selected samples. The results of laboratory tests have shown that the knitted fabric with a bird's eye back structure and additional reinforcing filaments is best suited for upholstery and decoration, as it has the best stretch and elasticity properties and is most resistant to abrasion and pilling. Compared to knitted fabrics without additional reinforcing filaments, it is less air-permeable, but due to the loop structure it is still porous enough to provide comfort. We confirmed the hypothesis that the type of double jacquard (back structure) influences the air permeability of the product. We also confirmed that the material composition of the knitted structure (filament addition) influences the compactness of the structure, air permeability, elastic properties and resistance to abrasion and pilling. The knitted structure has a greater influence on the elastic recovery of the knitted fabric than the material composition.

• Keywords: knitting, knitting CAD /CAM, interior design, upholstery and decoration, jacquard