Šola kot ideološki aparat države

Jurančič, Klementina (author), Dolar Bahovec, Eva (mentor)

Diplomsko delo obravnava šolo kot vodilni ideološki aparat države. V prvem delu sem se posvetila razlagi ideoloških aparatov države nasploh: kaj sploh so ideološki aparati države, kako poteka reprodukcija teh, kako je šola dobila naziv vodilnega ideološkega aparata države in podobno. Prvi del v celoti izhaja iz dela Louisa Althusserja, ki se posveča temi na zelo sistematičen način. Iz nujnosti obnavljanja produkcijskih sredstev za potrebe same produkcije postopoma izpelje tudi potrebo po ohranjanju in reproduciranju delovne sile in pogojev, ki so nujni za produkcijo kompetentne delovne sile. Na tej točki vpeljem Foucaultov pojem discipline, kot ga opredeli v delu Nadzorovanje in kaznovanje; »Disciplina »izdeluje« posameznike; je posebna tehnika oblasti, ki si posameznika hkrati jemlje za predmet in za orodje pri svojem izvrševanju.« (Foucault, 1984: 170) … V tem primeru subjekt ne stoji nasproti oblasti, marveč disciplina iz njega preprosto zgradi »krotko telo«, ki se ni možno upirati. (Foucault, 2008: 140-141) Ne le da se ni zmožno upirati, ampak se sploh ne želi upirati, saj se subjekti z oblastjo, ki jih je proizvedla, skladajo. Foucault je opisoval idealen način discipliniranja vojakov, ki se iz 17. v 18. stoletje ključno spremeni. V 18. stoletju je idealen vojak predstavljen kot izdelek. Ta način oblikovanja krotkih teles pa lahko z lahkoto prenesemo na učence v šolah. Za boljše razumevanje samega razvoja mladine in oblikovanja izobraževalnih institucij pa mi je v pomoč bilo Gillisovo delo Mladina in zgodovina, v katerem se s pomočjo statistike skozi čas in prostor pomika proti sodobnosti s primerjavo različnih kultur in navad mladih individuumov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: šola, ideološki aparati države, disciplina panoptizem, norma
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-119086
• Publication date in RUL: 03.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: School as an ideological state apparatus

Abstract

The thesis discusses school as the central ideological state apparatus. The first part of it is dedicated to the explanation of the ideological state apparatus in general: What are they, how does their reproduction work, how did the school apparatus become the leading one. The first part of the diploma is entirely based only on the analysis of Louis Althusser, who is dealing with the thematic with a systematic approach. He connects the need of the apparatus to sustain and reproduct the work force and its basic requirements with the need to renew production assets for the survival of the production itself. At this point of the diploma I include Foucault's discipline, that he defines in his work Discipline and Punish;it has to strengthen the bodies of individuals and simultaneously takes care of controlling them. Sure Foucault was describing the ideal way to discipline soldiers but the intent and basis are the same when it comes to educating people. For better understanding the evolution of youngsters and the formation of the educational institutions there is a chapter analyzing Gillises work Youth and History in which with the help of statistical charts, he moves from history throughout time and space to contemporariness, comparing different cultures and habits of young individuals. He also devotes his time to the basic concept of youth and adolescence trying to comprehend its different interpretation throughout time.

• Keywords: school, system, ideological state apparatuses, Panoptikon, subordination