Ocena sodelovanja bolnikov s presajeno ledvico pri predpisu diet za zmanjševanje serumskega holesterola

Kovačič, Ajda (author), Pajek, Jernej (mentor)

Namen magistrskega dela je oceniti sodelovanje bolnikov s presajeno ledvico pri predpisu načina prehranjevanja, ki bi prispevalo k znižanju vrednosti serumskega holesterola. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 12 odraslih bolnikov, ki so ustrezali vključitvenim kriterijem in so bili naključno razdeljeni v skupino, ki je sledila nerafinirani rastlinski dieti (intervencijska skupina, n=7) ali mediteranski dieti (kontrolna skupina, n=5). Magistrsko delo je opravljeno v sklopu raziskave: Prehranska intervencija za obvladovanje nenormalnosti serumskih lipidov pri bolnikih po presaditvi ledvice, v Centru za transplantacijo, Kliničnega oddelka za nefrologijo, Interna klinika, UKC Ljubljana. Z metodami prehranskega dnevnika za pretekle 3 dni, laboratorijskimi preiskavami in merjenjem telesne sestave z bioimpendančno analizo smo pridobili podatke o njihovem prehranjevanju, v skladu s predpisanim prehranskim načrtom. Ugotovili smo, da bolniki uspejo predpisanim dietam dobro slediti. Obe skupini sta zaužili več kot 80 % obrokov po predpisanem dietnem načrtu (skladnost intervencijske skupine je bila 87,6 %, skladnost kontrolne skupine je bila 96,0 %). Razlika v skladnosti med skupinama ni statistično značilna, kar smo preverili s t-testom za neodvisne vzorce (p=0,12). Po pretečenih 6. tednih med skupinama ni bilo signifikantnih razlik v povprečnem številu obrokov, ki so jih zaužili v skladu s prehranskim načrtom. V intervencijski skupini je bilo povprečno dnevno število obrokov skladnih s predpisanim prehranskim načrtom 4,38 od celote 5. Pri kontrolni skupini je ta vrednost bila nekoliko višja, in sicer kar 4,80, p-vrednost za razliko med skupinama je znašala 0,123. Sklenemo lahko, da je sodelovanje bolnikov pri obeh predpisanih dietnih načrtih zadovoljivo in se med dieto z nerafinirano rastlinsko hrano in mediteransko dieto ne razlikuje pomembno.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: prehrana, bolezni ledvic, odpoved ledvic, presaditev ledvice, dietna prehrana, serumski holesterol
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [A. Kovačič]
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-119085
• UDC: 613.2:616.61
• COBISS.SI-ID: 33012483
• Publication date in RUL: 03.09.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Evaluation of the participation of patients with transplanted kidneys in the diet regulation for reducing serum cholesterol.

Abstract

The purpose of the master 's thesis is to evaluate the participation of kidney transplant patients in the prescription of a diet that would contribute to the reduction of serum cholesterol. The study included 12 adult patients who met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to a group following an unrefined plant-based diet (intervention group, n=7) or a mediterranean diet (control group, n=5). The master's thesis was performed as part of the research Nutritional intervention for the management of serum lipid abnormalities in patients after kidney transplantation at the Transplant Centre, Clinical Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana. With the methods diet diary for the past 3 days, laboratory tests and measurement of body composition with bioimpedance analysis, we obtained data on their diet, following the prescribed diet plan. We found that patients manage to follow diets well. Both groups consumed more than 80% of meals according to the prescribed diet plan (compliance of the intervention group was 87.6%; compliance of the control group was 96.0%). The difference in consistency between the groups is not statistically significant, which was verified by a t-test for independent samples (p=0,12). After 6 weeks, there were no significant differences between the groups in the average number of meals consumed according to the diet plan. In the intervention group, the average daily number of meals is accordance with the prescribed diet plan was 4.38 out of 5. In the control group, this value was slightly higher, namely 4.80, the p-value for the difference between the groups was 0.123. We can conclude that the participation of patients in both prescribed diet plans is satisfactory and does not differ significantly between the diet with unrefined plant foods and the mediterranean diet.

• Keywords: nutrition, kidney disease, kidney failure, kidney transplantation, diet, serum cholesterol