Solar cells rank in group of photovoltaic systems that are characterized by direct conversion of Sun light into electricity. They are mainly divided into three generations. The third generation includes noncommercialized solar cells in the phase of development. Among them we can find perovskite solar cells, dye sensitized solar cells, quantum dot solar cells and organic solar cells. Researches on this topic aim to achieve higher efficiency of solar energy utilization and lower the costs of production. So far these represent the major weakness of solar cells and limit their widespread usage. Promising new types are based on thin film technology and are made of organic and organometallic materials in adition to inorganic ones. Although their stability is still lower compared to first and second generation of solar cells, they have potential to exceed the theoretical maximum efficiency determined for simplest cell types.
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