Introduction: CBCT is a newer diagnostic imaging modality that allows us to display body volume in 3D view (axial, coronal, transverse section) in the area of interest where there is the greatest overlap of body parts. Cone beam CT is an investigative method where the source and X-ray detector capture in circular motion several consecutive images of a patient. CBCT is based on volumetric tomography. The main difference compared to traditional CT is the shape of the used beam. This has a fan shape in CT, while the rays in CBCT have the shape of a cone or pyramid. Due to the necessary adjustments to a different beam and detector shape the reconstruction of the image at CBCT is more demanding, but it is uniform and more accurate in all directions. The latest devices can perform a 3D reconstruction of an individual image capture in as little as 15 seconds. Imaging with the CBCT system is most often used for diagnostics in the field of dentistry. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis is to research the CBCT system and determine its advantages or disadvantages compared to traditional CT, especially in the field of diagnostics. I am interested in which medical field the CBCT system is most commonly used and where its use is restricted. CBCT is an imaging method that in addition to the oral and maxillofacial region, is increasingly indispensable in the fields of interventional radiology, orthopaedics, mammography, otolaryngology, oncology, and where new possibilities are opening up in various fields of medicine. Methods: I collected and studied the data. For reviewing the literature I used newer and current medical professional electronic and printed articles of public publications, mostly obtained on the international internet network and some books, professional publications at the suggestion of mentors. I analysed, compared and presented various obtained information with findings in the text. Results: Because we are limited by CBCT technology in volume capture of the body area (FOV), it is especially suitable for displaying good spatial resolution of bones, joints and areas of interest where we do not need a large investigated image volume. Compared to classical CT the soft tissue display is poorer, but with the new CBCT technological system with the C arc, diagnostics has advanced and is still being improved. It allows the fusion of fluoroscopic images with previous 2D or 3D examinations performed from the capture of CBCT, CT or MR images. Discussion and conclusion: The CBCT imaging technique is very suitable for diagnostics where we are interested in a small area of interest of body overlap. It has a small voxel and good spatial resolution, so it opens up new possibilities for diagnosis and planning of interventional surgical treatment. The beginnings of CBCT are in the field of dentistry where it is still mostly used in the oral and maxillofacial region; surgery, implantology, endodontics, periodontology and orthodontic treatment planning.
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