Mikrobna razgradnja sintetične plastike in bioplastike

Trlep, Blaž (author), Jamnik, Polona (mentor)

Diplomsko delo opisuje in raziskuje problematiko kopičenja plastičnih odpadkov in do sedaj znane možne rešitve tega problema. V prvem delu se osredotoča na sintetične polimere oz. sintetično plastiko in njihovo potencialno mikrobno razgradnjo, saj ti predstavljajo največjo škodo okolju in živim bitjem, ki tam živijo. Navedeni so mikroorganizmi in njihovi izolirani encimi, ki imajo po rezultatih raziskav v določeni meri sposobnost razgrajevati sintetično plastiko. Opisani so osnovni mehanizmi depolimerizacije polimerov in dejavniki, ki vplivajo na stopnjo njihove biorazgradljivosti. Delo se osredotoča na najbolj uporabljene vrste teh plastičnih materialov: polietilen (PE), polistiren (PS), polivinil klorid (PVC), poliuretan (PUR) in polietilen tereftalat (PET). V drugem delu diplomsko delo povzema alternativne možnosti uporabe sintetičnih materialov, predvsem uporabo bioplastike. Razložen je pojem bioplastika in opisane so osnove njene biorazgradnje. Predstavljen je vpliv različnih okoljskih dejavnikov in prisotne mikrobne populacije na stopnjo biorazgradljivosti posameznih polimerov ter navedene so možnosti izboljšanja le te s spreminjanjem kemijske strukture polimerov. V zadnjem poglavju so opisani do sedaj znani mikroorganizmi in nekateri encimi, ki so sposobni razgraditi posamezne vrste bioplastike.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: biorazgradljivi materiali, sintetična plastika, bioplastika, biorazgradljivost, dejavniki biorazgradljivosti, mikrobna razgradnja, polimeri, mikrobni encimi, okoljski vplivi
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [B. Trlep]
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-118672
• UDC: 678:502.174.2:691.17
• COBISS.SI-ID: 27005955
• Publication date in RUL: 30.08.2020

TRLEP, Blaž, 2020, Mikrobna razgradnja sintetične plastike in bioplastike [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. B. Trlep. [Accessed 18 May 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=118672

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Microbial degradation of synthetic plastics and bioplastics

Abstract

This diploma thesis describes the problem of plastic waste and its possible solutions. In the first part, it focuses on synthetic polymers (synthetic plastics) and their potential microbial degradation, since they are presenting the worst danger to our environment and all living creatures. Types of microorganisms and their isolated enzymes, that are showing the most potential regarding many surveys, are stated. It describes basic polymer degradation mechanisms and potential biodegradability factors. It focuses on the most common types of synthetic plastics: polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In the second part, the alternative options of synthetic polymer use, mostly in the use of bioplastics are summarized. It describes the meaning of bioplastics and basics of its biodegradation. Influence of different environmental conditions and its microbial population on biodegradability rate of each polymer is described. Some possible improvements of it, by modifying the chemical structure of specific polymers, are also stated. In the last chapter the thesis describes so far known microorganisms, that have the potential of degrading specific types of bioplastics.

• Keywords: biodegradable materials, synthetic plastics, bioplastics, biodegradability, biodegradation factors, microbial degradation, polymers, microbial enzymes, environmental effects