Pomanjkanje vitaminov in mineralov pri bolnikih s kronično vnetno črevesno boleznijo

Leben, Neža (author), Homan, Matjaž (mentor)

V diplomskem delu so predstavljeni glavni vzroki in posledice pomanjkanja določenih vitaminov in mineralov pri bolnikih s kronično vnetno črevesno boleznijo. Kronična vnetna črevesna bolezen (KVČB), med katero spadata Crohnova bolezen in ulcerozni kolitis, prizadene prebavni trakt, kar vpliva na absorpcijo hranil. Stanje pomanjkanja hranil nastopi kot posledica izgube krvi, kronične driske, okvare ali odstranitve določenih delov črevesja in malabsorpcije v tankem črevesju. Prav tako bolniki iz svoje prehrane pogosto izključujejo skupine živil, kot so žitarice, mlečni izdelki, sadje in zelenjava, ker jim ti povzročajo težave. Najpogostejša zapleta, ki nastaneta zaradi pomanjkanja vitamina D, vitamina K in kalcija, sta osteoporoza in osteopenija. Pomanjkanje železa, vitamina B9 in B12 pa vodi v anemijo in hiperkoagulabilnost. Pri bolnikih s KVČB je pomembno redno spremljanje njihovega prehranskega statusa in serumskega nivoja posameznih vitaminov in mineralov. Dober prehranski status namreč močno vpliva na potek bolezni in uspešnost zdravljenja, kot tudi na samo kakovost življenja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: prehrana, diete, kronična vnetna črevesna bolezen, Crohnova bolezen, ulcerozni kolitis, vitamini, minerali, pomanjkanje vitaminov, pomanjkanje mineralov, podhranjenost, osteoporoza, slabokrvnost
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [N. Leben]
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-118212
• UDC: 613.2:616.34
• COBISS.SI-ID: 26345219
• Publication date in RUL: 27.08.2020

LEBEN, Neža, 2020, Pomanjkanje vitaminov in mineralov pri bolnikih s kronično vnetno črevesno boleznijo [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. N. Leben. [Accessed 19 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=118212

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Vitamin and mineral deficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

In the thesis are described main causes and consequences of vitamin and mineral deficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, causes malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Micronutrient deficiency can be a result of blood loss, chronic diarrhea, dysfunction or resection of certain parts of bowel. In addition, patients often try different diets to control the disease, with exclusion of wheat and dairy products, fruits and vegetables etc. The most common complications of inflammatory bowel disease are vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Vitamin D, vitamin K and calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis and osteopenia. Iron, vitamin B9 and B12 deficiency can cause anemia and hypercoagulability. Regular screening for certain deficiencies and maintaining a good nutritional status of patient is extremely important because it can affect the course of disease, improves chances of successful treatment and it also improves patient’s quality of life.

• Keywords: nutrition, diets, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, vitamins, minerals, vitamin deficiency, mineral deficiency, malnutrition, osteoporosis, anemia