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Vpliv razcepov v orofacialnem področju na doseženo stopnjo izobrazbe
ID Alič, Lucija (Author), ID Hočevar Boltežar, Irena (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

URLURL - Presentation file, Visit http://pefprints.pef.uni-lj.si/6344/ This link opens in a new window

Abstract
Razcepi v orofacialnem področju so najpogostejša orofacialna motnja. V današnjem času so s pomočjo napredka medicine uspešno zdravljeni. Kljub ne tako redki pojavnosti razcepov in predvidevanjem, da čeprav ustrezno zdravljeni razcepi še vedno vplivajo na otrokov razvoj in funkcioniranje, to področje še ni v celoti raziskano. Znano je, kako razcepi vplivajo na razvoj govora in jezika, kakšne težave se pojavljajo pri hranjenju, ni pa jasno potrjeno, ali vse te težave vplivajo na celostni akademski razvoj posameznika. Boljše poznavanje področja učne uspešnosti oseb z razcepi bo vsem vključenim v rehabilitacijski tim pomagalo pri razumevanju njihovih sposobnosti in omogočalo lažjo pripravo na delo pri individualnih obravnavah ali v vzgojno-izobraževalnem procesu. Teoretični del pojasnjuje vrste razcepov, njihovo pojavnost in posledice, ki jih le te povzročajo na posameznikovo funkcioniranje; vse od težav s prehranjevanjem, dihanjem, govorom pa do vpliva razcepa na otrokovo vključenost v okolje. Predstavljena so področja, ki vplivajo na osebnostni razvoj vsakega posameznika in ga spremljajo ter izoblikujejo v času izobraževanja. Naloga vključuje tudi področja, ki v času šolanja vplivajo in izoblikujejo osebe z razcepi, saj jih spremembe v orofacialnem področju še dodatno zaznamujejo in vplivajo na njihovo odraščanje – predvsem težave s sluhom in govorom. V empiričnem delu je predstavljen vprašalnik, ki smo ga sestavili za namen raziskave. Uporabili smo kavzalno neeksperimentalno metodo in kvantitativni raziskovalni pristop. Izpolnjene vprašalnike smo pregledali in odgovore vnesli v program IBM SPSS Statistics 22, kjer smo, s χ2 testom ali njegovo alternativo – Kullbackovim testom, preverili naše hipoteze. Primerjali smo doseženo izobrazbo oseb z razcepi in njihovih zdravih vrstnikov, preverili, ali obstajajo razlike v doseženi izobrazbi glede na vrsto razcepa in ali izobrazba staršev vpliva na stopnjo izobrazbe otroka. Zanimalo nas je, ali obstajajo področja učenja, kjer imajo osebe z razcepi več težav in ali so težave na posameznih področjih odvisne od vrste razcepa. Podatke o osebah z razepi smo pridobili s KO za maksilofacialno in oralno kirurgijo v Ljubljani, kjer vodijo evidenco rojstev z razcepi v Sloveniji. Ker nas je zanimala predvsem njihova akademska uspešnost, smo za vzorec izbrali populacijo oseb, ki so že imeli možnost dokončati šolanje, torej vse med 24. in 27. letom starosti. Vprašalnike oseb z razcepi smo primerjali s kontrolno skupino vrstnikov enake starosti. Ugotavljamo, da razlike med osebami z razcepi in njihovimi vrstniki, na področju matematike (P = 0,279) , materinega (P = 0,789) in tujega (P = 0,159) jezika, niso statistično pomembne. Tudi razlike znotraj skupine oseb z razcepi niso pogoste, le v primeru, ko smo primerjali osebe z izoliranim razcepom neba (CP) z drugimi razcepi, smo ugotovili statistično pomembno več težav na področju tujega jezika (P = 0,044). Velik vpliv na uspeh pri jezikih ima sluh. Dokazali smo, da težave s sluhom pomembno vplivajo na uspešnost pri usvajanju jezika, tako pri materinem jeziku (P = 0,010), kot pri tujem (P = 0,002) ter pri usvajanju matematičnih znanj (P = 0,0019). Da bi bolje razumeli vpliv okolja na otroka, smo preverili ali izobrazba staršev vpliva na izobrazbo otrok in ugotovili statistično pomemben vpliv mamine izobrazbe (P = 0,038) na končni uspeh otroka. Predvidevamo, da bi se v primeru številčnejšega odziva oseb z razcepi pokazali nekoliko drugačni rezultati. Zanimivo bi bilo enako raziskavo ponoviti na občutno večjem vzorcu. Za boljši vpogled bi dodali še vprašanje o izvoru razcepa – ali gre za sindrom s pridruženim razcepom ali zgolj izoliran razcep in nato preverili, ali obstaja razlika med njima. Sledenje in spremljanje oseb z razcepi je danes mnogo boljše, kot pred tridesetimi leti in smiselno bi bilo, da bi otroke z razcepi v današnjih časih podrobneje spremljali ves čas šolanja, ne le zaradi težav s sluhom in govorom, temveč tudi zaradi njihovega kognitivnega delovanja in učne uspešnosti. Dobili bi boljši vpogled v njihove zmožnosti ter lažje razumeli vpliv rojstva z razcepom na kognitivno delovanje posameznika, njegove sposobnosti, primanjkljaje in nenazadnje na kvaliteto življenja. Glede na rezultate naše raziskave bi se morali prevsem osredotočiti na otrokov sluh, saj ta lahko pomembno vpliva na otrokovo učno uspešnost.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:orofacialno področje
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:PEF - Faculty of Education
Year:2020
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-118095 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:25517571 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:25.08.2020
Views:802
Downloads:160
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:The impact of orofacial clefts on academic achievement
Abstract:
Clefts in orofacial area are the most common orofacial disorders. Nowadays, with the help of advanced medicine practice clefts are successfully treated. Because of rare occurrence of clefts and despite the conclusions that the clefts may still affect the child's development in function, this issue has not yet been explored. It is known how the cleft influences speech and language development and what differences occur in feeding, but it has not been clearly confirmed if all of these affect the overall academic development of the child with cleft. A better knowledge of the academic achievement of people with clefts will help everyone involved in the rehabilitation team to better understand the ability to actually facilitate the preparation of work on individual issues or in the educational process. The theoretical part of master’s thesis describes the types of clefts, their occurrence and the consequences they cause on an individual's functioning; eating, breathing, speaking and the impact of a cleft on a child's social involvement. It is presented how cleft influences the personal development of each individual, how it is monitored and shaped during the process of education. The theoretical part also includes the fields that affect and shape people with clefts during schooling, as changes in the orofacial area mark them and affect their process of growing - especially hearing and speech problems. Practical part of the thesis involves anonymous questionnaire made for purpose of our research. We used causal non-experimental method and quantitative research approach. We examined completed questionnaires and input data in IBM SPSS Statistics 22 program. Then we calculated statistical significance with χ2-test and its alternative – Kullback test. We found out that differences between individuals with clefts and their peers in mathematics (P=0,279), native (Slovene) language (P=0,795) and foreign (English) language (P=0,159) were not statistically significant. The differences between different types of clefts were not significant either. Only the success of children with CP in comparison withchildren with other types of clefts showed to be significantly worse in foreign language (P=0,044). The subject’s ability to hear appeared to have a significant influence on language learning achievement. We proved that hearing loss influences ability to progress in languages (Native language: P = 0,010; Foreign language: P = 0,002) and mathematics (P = 0,0019). For better understanding of social environment on child’s education, we verified the impact of parents’ academic achievement on child’s achievement. We found out that the mother`s academical achievement affects child’s academic achievement (P = 0,038). We assume that in case of bette response rate of people with clefts the results would be different. It would be interesting to repeat this research on a bigger sample. For better understanding of the problem, we would add a question about having a syndrome or not and then search for difference between those two groups. Tracking and monitoring people born with clefts is nowadays much better than in the past. We think that it would be useful to follow-up children through all years of schooling. Not only hearing and language problems, but also certain cognitive functioning and learning abilities problems can appear. The knowledge about all these problems would allow us to better understand the abilities, deficits and quality of life of children with clefts. According to the result of our study we should concentrate on the child’s hearing ability which seems to have a significant impact on child’s academic achievement

Keywords:orofacial area

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