Rotavirusna okužba pri dojenčkih in malih otrocih : diplomsko delo

Novak, Barbara (author), Bizjak, Martina (mentor), Kamenšek, Tina (co-mentor), Thaler, Darja (reviewer)

Uvod: Rotavirusne okužbe so velik javnozdravstveni problem po vsem svetu. Povzročajo akutne diareje pri otrocih, mlajših od pet let, in so vodilni vzrok smrti. Simptomi bolezni lahko pripeljejo do hude dehidracije, ki je najpogostejši vzrok za hospitalizacijo otrok. Rotaviruse uvrščajo med najpogostejše povzročitelje črevesnih nalezljivih bolezni in se prenašajo na več načinov. Medicinske sestre imajo pomembno vlogo med zdravljenjem in zdravstveno nego otrok z rotavirusno okužbo. Namen: Predstaviti rotavirusno okužbo pri dojenčkih in malih otrocih. Cilji so: prikazati razširjenost rotavirusne okužbe, opisati cepljenje in precepljenost otrok ter prikazati, kako bolezen otroka vpliva na njegovo družino. Metode dela: Uporabljena je deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom znanstvene in strokovne literature o rotavirusni okužbi otrok. Literaturo smo poiskali v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, NCBI, ScienceDirect, Google Učenjak, DiKULu, digitalnih knjižnicah v Sloveniji in Mestni knjižnici Ljubljana. Iskanje literature je potekalo med avgustom 2019 in aprilom 2020. Določili smo vključitvene in izključitvene kriterije. Za pisanje diplomskega dela smo uporabili 47 enot literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Rezultati: Raziskave so pokazale, da so rotavirusne okužbe razširjene v evropskih in neevropskih državah. V raziskavah so ugotovili, da se pojavnost rotavirusne okužbe razlikuje po državah glede na letne čase. Cepljenje je najučinkovitejša preventiva pred rotavirusno okužbo. V Sloveniji se vsako leto največ otrok cepi v Ljubljani. Raziskave so pokazale, da ima rotavirusna okužba pri otrocih velik vpliv na njihove družine. Vpliva na vsakodnevne dejavnosti družine, čustva staršev in otrok ter povzroča dodatne stroške. Razprava in zaključek: S pregledom literature smo ugotovili, da je rotavirusna okužba najpogostejša bolezen med otroki, mlajšimi od dve leti. Okužba se lahko pojavlja v vseh letnih časih. Rotavirusna okužba pri otrocih vpliva na njihovo celotno družino in njihove aktivnosti. Cepljenje otrok proti rotavirusni okužbi še danes velja za najučinkovitejšo preventivo. Ker veliko ljudi ne pozna preventivnih ukrepov, bi bilo treba osveščati ljudi o rotavirusni okužbi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, rotavirusi, rotavirusne okužbe, otroci, diareja, bruhanje, dehidracija, zdravstvena vzgoja, preventiva, zdravljenje, medicinske sestre, cepljenje, razširjenost, družine
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [B. Novak]
• Year: 2020
• Number of pages: 31 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-117853
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 24108035
• Publication date in RUL: 31.07.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Rotavirus infection in babies and younger children : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Rotavirus infections are a major public health problem, all over the world. They cause acute diarrhea in children under five years of age and are the leading cause of death. Symptoms of the disease can lead to severe dehydration, which is the most common cause for hospitalization among children. Rotaviruses are placed among the most common causes of intestinal infectious diseases and are transmitted in several possible ways. Nurses have an important role through treatment and nursing care for children with rotavirus infection. Purpose: To present rotavirus infection in babies and younger children. The goals are: to show the prevalence of rotavirus infection, to describe vaccination and vaccination coverage rates for children and to show how the child's disease affects his family. Methods: A descriptive method of work was used with a review of the scientific and professional literature, regarding rotavirus infection in children. We searched for the literature in databases CINAHL, NCBI, ScienceDirect, Google Učenjak, DiKUL, digital libraries in Slovenia and in the City Library of Ljubljana. Searching for the literature was conducted between August 2019 and April 2020. We defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. We used 47 units of literature in Slovene and English language to write the diploma thesis. Results: Research has shown that rotavirus infections are prevalent in european and non european countries. The research has found that the incidence of rotavirus infections is different from country to country, depending on the seasons. Vaccination is the most effective prevention against rotavirus infection. In Slovenia most children are vaccinated every year in Ljubljana. Research has shown, that rotavirus infection in children has a major impact on their families. It affects the daily activities of the family, the emotions of parents and children and causes additional costs. Discussion and conclusion: With a review of the literature we discovered that rotavirus infection is the most common disease among children under two years. The infection can occur in any season. Rotavirus infection in children affects their entire families and their activities. Vaccination for children against rotavirus infection is still considered the most effective preventive measure today. Because many people are not aware of preventive measures, it would be good to make people aware of rotavirus infection.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, rotavirus, rotavirus infections, children, diarrhea, volmiting, dehidration, health education, prevention, treatment, nurses, vaccination, prevalence, families