Omega-konotoksin kot sredstvo za lajšanje kronične bolečine

Fajdiga, Urška (author), Sepčić, Kristina (mentor)

Lajšanje bolečin, posebno tistih, katerih vzrok ni viden na telesu, je izziv že od nastanka prvih kultur dalje. Tekom razvoja analgetikov so zdravniki uporabljali razna sredstva, ki so bolnikom lajšala bolečine, problem pa je bil v tem, da so ta sredstva pogosto imela še negativne stranske učinke. Najpogosteje so povzročala zasvojenost. ω-konotoksin je peptid, izoliran iz strupa polžev stožcev (Conus sp.), ki deluje kot analgetik. Deluje tako, da blokira kalcijeve kanalčke tipa N, ki se nahajajo v presinaptičnih nevronih, kar prepreči signalu bolečine, da pride do možganov. Kot “najboljši” se je izkazal ω-konotoksin MVIIA iz vrste Conus magus. Ime njegovega sintetičnega dvojnika je zikonotid, kot zdravilo pa je registriran in ima dovoljenje za promet pod imenom Prialt, ki ga je Uprava ZDA za hrano in zdravila odobrila decembra 2004. Uporablja se za zdravljenje hudih kroničnih bolečin pri odraslih bolnikih, ki drugih protibolečinskih terapij ne morejo prejemati, ne delujejo (več) ali pa so trpeli za hudimi negativnimi učinki zaradi drugih protibolečinskih zdravil. Dozira se ga intratekalno (v spinalno tekočino). Odobritev sintetične oblike omega-konotoksina MVIIA predstavlja upanje, da bodo nekoč tudi ostali proteini iz družine konotoksinov uporabljeni v medicinske namene.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: omega-konotoksin, konotoksini, lajšanje kronične bolečine
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [U. Fajdiga]
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-117555
• UDC: 606:616.8-009.7:601.4:577.21(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 23622915
• Publication date in RUL: 16.07.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Omega-conotoxin as a chronic pain treatment agent

Abstract

Pain treatment, espacially those whose cause is not visible, has been a challenge since the first cultures. During the development of pain analgesics various agents were used. These agents often had many negative side effects. Mostly, they caused addiction (for example morphine). ω-conotoxin is a peptide isolated from cone snail (Conus sp.) venom that acts as an analgesic. It inhibits N-type voltage-gated calcium channels in presinaptic neurons, which prevents pain signals from reaching brain. The most promising conotoxin is ω-conotoxins MVIIA from Conus magus. Its synthetic compound is named ziconotide and it is registered and authorised under the trade name Prialt, approved by Food and Drug Administration in December 2004. It is used to treat severe chronic pain in adult patients who are unable to receive other analgesics or these analgesics do not work anymore. Prialt has to be delivered via an intrathecal injection route. The approval of the synthetic form of ω-conotoxin MVIIA represents hope that other peptides from cone snails will be used for medical purposes eventually.

• Keywords: omega-conotoxin, conotoxins, chronic pain treatment