Uporaba vozička na elektromotorni pogon pri otrocih in mladostnikih z zmanjšano zmožnostjo gibanja : diplomsko delo

Juhant, Tina (author), Šuc, Lea (mentor), Groleger Sršen, Katja (co-mentor), Gričar, Nevenka (reviewer)

Uvod: Zmožnost samostojnega premikanja je ključna za sodelovanje v dnevnih aktivnostih in življenjskih vlogah. Pri otrocih je še posebej pomemba, saj vpliva tudi na njihov kognitivni in psihosocialni razvoj. Nekaterim otrokom z zmanjšano zmožnostjo grobega gibanja je enake možnosti mogoče omogočiti le z uporabo vozička na elektromotorni pogon (EMV). Namen: Želeli smo raziskati pozitivne in negativne vidike uporabe EMV ter ugotoviti, ali je vadba vožnje smiselna intervencija pri otrocih z zmanjšano zmožnostjo gibanja. Metode: Opravili smo sistematični pregled literature in študijo primera. Članke za pregled literature smo poiskali v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, ScienceDirect, PubMed in Cochrane. V študijo primera smo vključili otroka, ki je uporabnik EMV in je bil v času izvedbe diplomskega dela vključen v rehabilitacijo na Oddelku za (re)habilitacijo otrok na Univerzitetnem rehabilitacijskem inštitutu RS - Soča. Uporabili smo kvantitativne (Kanadska metoda za ocenjevanje izvajanja dejavnosti, analiza aktivnosti po spretnostih, testni list za oceno vožnje z vozičkom za otroke) in kvalitativne metode zbiranja podatkov (polstrukturirani intervju). Rezultati: V pregled literature smo vključili 12 raziskav. Glavni pozitivni vidiki uporabe EMV so povečanje samostojnosti, nove priložnosti, vpliv na razvoj, kognitivne in gibalne funkcije ter izvedbo aktivnosti, vpliv na odnos družbe do oseb z zmanjšanimi zmožnostmi in razbremenitev staršev. Negativni vidiki so vpliv fizičnega in socialnega okolja, lastnosti EMV, nezgode ob uporabi, negativni občutki uporabnikov in staršev ter proces predpisa in pridobitve EMV. Te ugotovitve sta potrdila tudi izbrani uporabnik in njegova mati. Uporabnik je ob koncu programa vadbe vožnje MEV v delovni terapiji pokazal večjo spretnost vožnje. Razprava in zaključek: Vadba vožnje z EMV se je izkazala za smiselno intervencijo pri uporabniku, ki je bil vključen v raziskavo. Kljub negativnim vidikom uporabe EMV, ki so povzeti v literaturi, je povečanje samostojnosti za uporabnike neprecenljivo. Smiselno bi bilo oblikovati standardizirane ocenjevalne inštrumente in protokole vadbe vožnje, ki bi bili prilagojeni potrebam populacije. Otroci z zmanjšano zmožnostjo grobega gibanja so zelo heterogena skupina z različnimi sposobnostmi ter potrebami, zato je pri odločanju za predpis EMV potrebno oblikovati celostno oceno posameznika in ga obravnavati individualno.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, otroci, mladostniki, zmanjšana zmožnost gibanja, vozički na elektromotorni pogon
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [T. Juhant]
• Year: 2020
• Number of pages: 49 str., [3] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-116058
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 14527747
• Publication date in RUL: 10.05.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Use of power wheelchairs by children and adolescents with physical disabilities : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: The ability to move independently is key to participating in daily activities and life roles. It is especially important for children because it affects their cognitive and psychosocial development. Children with physical disabilities should be given the same opportunities as their peers, which for some is only possible through the use of power wheelchairs (PW). Purpose: We wanted to investigate the positive and negative aspects of PW use and to determine whether driving skills training is a valid intervention in children with physical disabilities. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review and a case study. We searched for articles in online databases CINAHL, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Cochrane. We included a case study of a PW user, who was in the process of rehabilitation at the Department of (re)habilitation for children at University rehabilitation institute RS - Soča. We used quantitative (Canadian occupational performance measure, activity performance analysis, wheelchair driving assessment) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) data collection methods. Results: We included 12 articles in the literature review. The main positive aspects of using PW are increased independence, new opportunities, positive influence on development, psychological and physical functions, improved attitude of society towards people with physical disabilities and lessening the burden on parents. The negative aspects are the impact of the physical and social environment, the characteristics of PW, accidents, negative feelings of users and parent, and the process of acquisition of PW. These findings were also confirmed by the user and his mother. At the end of the wheelchair skills training, the user had improved his driving skills. Discussion and conclusion: Training of PW driving skills was proven to be a valid intervention for the user who participated in this study. Despite negative aspects, users’ increased independence is invaluable to them. It would be beneficial to design standardized assessments and training protocols that are tailored to the needs of this population. Children with physical disabilities are a very heterogeneous group with different abilities and needs, so it is necessary to make a comprehensive assessment and to consider users individually when deciding on providing them with PW.

• Keywords: diploma theses, occupational therapy, children, adolescents, physical disabilities, electric-powered wheelchairs