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Grizne opornice : diplomsko delo
ID Baraga Kos, Simona (Author), ID Primožič, Jasmina (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window, ID Mauer, Maja (Co-mentor), ID Levec, Tina (Reviewer)

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Abstract
Grizne opornice uporabljamo pri zdravljenju temporomandibularnih motenj, kjer so prisotni simptomi bolečine v obraznih mišicah, zvoki in bolečina v čeljustnem sklepu, omejenost odpiranja ust in asimetrija čeljustnih gibov. Glavni cilji zdravljenja z grizno opornico so stabilizacija nestabilne okluzije, zaščita zob in razbremenitev napetih žvečnih mišic, ki vplivajo na pojav bolečine in prisotnost glavobolov. Najpogosteje uporabljena grizna opornica je stabilizacijska opornica, ki je primarno uporabljena za stabilizacijo in za preprečitev parafunkcijskih aktivnosti (pri bruksizmu). Zagotavljanje optimalne okluzije s pomočjo griznih opornic močno vpliva na zmanjšanje neobičajne mišične aktivnosti in omogoča doseganje živčno-mišičnega ravnovesja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati in predstaviti obstoječo literaturo na temo grizne opornice, se seznaniti z delovanjem in uporabo opornic ter predstaviti postopek izdelave treh griznih opornic – stabilizacijske, sprednje repozicijske in mehke opornice. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom obstoječe strokovne literature o griznih opornicah in učinkih opornic na temporomandibularne motnje. Literatura je bila iskana v angleškem jeziku s ključnimi besedami bite splints, stabilization splint, anterior repositioning splint, soft splint in effects of temporomandibular disorders. Rezultati: Laboratorijska izdelava stabilizacijske, sprednje repozicijske in mehke grizne opornice po laboratorijskih fazah od izdelave mavčnega delovnega modela iz alginatnega odtisa zgornje in spodnje čeljusti, načrtovanje opornic s pomočjo paralometra, modelacija opornice za toplo polimerizacijo v vosku oziroma modelacija poteka meje sprednje repozicijske opornice. Sledila je izdelava mehke opornice s tehniko globokega vleka ter izdelava stabilizacijske opornice s toplo polimerizajočim akrilatom in sprednje repozicijske opornice s hladno polimerizajočim akrilatom ter nazadnje še obdelava in prilagajanje opornic s preverjanjem zobnih kontaktov in gibov spodnje čeljusti v laterotruzijo in protruzijo. Razprava in zaključek: Začetno nelagodje in občutek tesnosti se s časom nošenja opornice zmanjšata. Učinki zdravljenja z griznimi opornicami so zmanjšanje bolečine v čeljustnem sklepu in obraznih mišicah, zmanjšanje pojava zvokov v čeljustnem sklepu, izboljšanje omejenega gibanja čeljusti in maksimalnega odpiranja ust. Pri primerjavi vseh treh opornic, je po besedah pacientke najbolj udobna mehka opornica, medtem ko je pri trdi akrilatni stabilizacijski opornici občutek tesnjenja in nelagodja na zobe velik.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:diplomska dela, laboratorijska zobna protetika, grizne opornice, temporomandibularne motnje, stabilizacijske opornice, sprednje repozicijske opornice, mehke grizne opornice, učinki okluzijskih opornic
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
Place of publishing:Ljubljana
Publisher:[S. Baraga Kos]
Year:2020
Number of pages:54 str.
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-116025 This link opens in a new window
UDC:616.31
COBISS.SI-ID:14320131 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:08.05.2020
Views:2468
Downloads:240
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Bite splints : diploma work
Abstract:
Introduction: Bite splints are used in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders with symptoms of facial muscle pain, sounds and pain in the jaw joint, limited mouth opening and asymmetry of the jaw movements. Main goals of occlusal splint treatment are to stabilize the unstable occlusion, to protect the teeth and relieve tense chewing muscles which influence the onset of pain and presence of headaches. The most frequently used bite splint is stabilization splint which is primarily used to stabilize and prevent parafunctional activity (of bruxism). Providing optimum occlusion with the use of bite splints has a strong influence on the reduction of unusual muscle activity and help to establish neuromuscular harmony in the masticatory system. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis was to research the existing literature on the subject of the bite splints, to present the operation and effective use of the bite splints and to describe the process of manufacturing of three bite splints - stabilization, anterior repositioning and soft splint. Methods: For the purposes of the research, the extant topical literature review was conducted relevant to the subject matter, i.e. the bite splints and the effects of the splints on temporomandibular disorders. The literature searched was in English with the keywords bite splints, stabilization splint, anterior repositioning splint, soft splint and the effects of temporomandibular disorders. Results: Laboratory manufacturing of stabilization splint, anterior repositioning splint and soft splint by laboratory stages from the production of gypsum working model from alginate imprints of the upper and lower jaws, design of the bite splints by use of a paralometer and modelling of the stabilization splint in wax for hot polymerization of heat-cured acrylic or modelling of the wax border of anterior repositioning splint for cold-cured acrylic. Following step is manufacturing of vacuum-formed (thermoformed) soft splint and manufacturing of stabilization splint of heat-cured acrylic and anterior repositioning splint of cold polymerization acrylic. The last step is to adjust the occlusion by checking the occlusal contacts and jaw movements in laterotrusion and protrusion. Discussion and conclusion: The initial discomfort and feeling of tightness diminish with the time bite splints are worn. The effects of bite splint treatment are to reduce pain in the jaw joint and muscles, to reduce the appearance of sounds in the jaw joint, to improve limited jaw movement and maximize mouth opening. The comparison of all three bite splints shows that, according to the patient, the soft splint is the most comfortable, while hard acrylic stabilization splint causes a feeling of tightness and discomfort on teeth.

Keywords:diploma theses, laboratory dental prosthetics, bite splints, temporomandibular disorders, stabilization splints, anterior repositioning splints, soft splints, effects of occlusal splints

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