Vaje za odpravo bolečine v vratni in prsni hrbtenici pri pisarniških delavcih : magistrsko delo

Jazbec, Monika (author), Dolenc, Maja (mentor), Prevc, Petra (co-mentor)

Glavni cilj magistrskega dela je bil ugotoviti življenjski stil ter oceniti gibalno učinkovitost vratnega in prsnega dela hrbtenice pri pisarniških delavcih. Zanimalo nas je tudi, če prihaja do asimetrij med levo in desno stranjo trupa kot posledica dela za računalnikom. Glede na dobljene rezultate smo predlagali nekatere prilagoditve delovnega mesta ter nabor vaj za vratno in prsno hrbtenico, ki jih lahko zaposleni izvajajo med delovnim časom. V raziskavo sta bila vključena dva vzorca. Prvi vzorec je predstavljalo 97 anketnih preizkušancev, v drugi vzorec pa smo vključili 19 oseb, vzetih iz prvega vzorca, na katerih smo opravili meritve gibalne učinkovitosti zgornjega dela telesa. Vsi so izpolnili spletni anketni vprašalnik o pojavljanju težav z mišično-skeletnim sistemom (Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, 2014) in prirejeno obliko vprašalnika o pojavnosti bolečin v predelu vratu v vsakdanjem življenju (Neck disability index). Pri merjenju drugega vzorca smo za ugotavljanje gibalne učinkovitost uporabili test globok počep, test zaročenje (iz testne baterije FMS) in vzročenje (iz testne baterije UKK). Za ugotavljanje asimetrij med stranema smo opravili teste nagib trupa v stran (iz testne baterije UKK), odklon trupa ter zasuk in odklon glave (z mobilno aplikacijo goniometrija). Podatki so bili statistično obdelani s programom IBM SPSS 20. Opisnim spremenljivkam smo izračunali frekvence in frekvenčne deleže, številskim pa povprečja, standardne odklone in standardne napake povprečij. Številskim spremenljivkam smo preverili normalnost porazdelitve (Shapiro-Wilkov test). Primerjavo med izmerjeno oceno gibalne učinkovitosti in optimalno oceno smo testirali z enovzorčnim t-testom za povprečje. Primerjavo razlik v gibljivosti glave in trupa na levo in desno stran smo testirali s t-testom za odvisne vzorce. Stopnja značilnosti je bila tekom obdelav postavljena pri stopnji tveganja 5 %. Ugotovili smo, da pri pisarniških delavcih, ki imajo pretežno sedeč delovnik, prihaja do mišično-skeletnih težav. Najpogosteje se bolečine pojavljajo v predelu ledvenega dela hrbtenice ter v predelu vratu in ramen. Zaposleni so imeli zmanjšano gibalno učinkovitost zgornjega dela hrbtenice ter zmanjšano aktivno gibljivost v predelu vratu. Ugotovili smo tudi manjša odstopanja med levo in desno stranjo prsno-ledvenega dela, medtem ko v zasuku in odklonu vratu ni bilo statistično značilnih razlik. Dobljeni podatki so lahko v pomoč vsem, ki se ukvarjajo z organizacijo in izvajanjem vaj pri pretežno sedečem delovnem mestu, tako vodstvom podjetij kot tudi vsem posameznikom, v našem primeru pisarniškim delavcem, ki bi radi v svoj vsakdan uvedli aktivne odmore in izvajanje vaj za vratno in prsno hrbtenico na delovnem mestu.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: pisarniški delavec, sedeče delovno mesto, vratna in prsna hrbtenica, telesna aktivnost, vaje
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-115925
• COBISS.SI-ID: 14449667
• Publication date in RUL: 29.04.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Exercises to eliminate the pain in cervical and thoracic spine with office workers

Abstract

The main aim of this Master thesis was to determine the lifestyle of office workers and to evaluate their movement efficiency of cervical and thoracic spine. We were also interested whether there are any asymmetries between the left and right side of the torsoas a consequence of sedentary work behind the computer. According to the given results, we suggested some adjustments to the workplace and a set of exercises for cervical and thoracic spine that employees can perform during their work hours. Two samples were included in the experiment. The first sample represented 97 survey respondents, while the second sample included 19 respondents taken from the first sample. We performed upper body movement efficiency measurements on the second sample. All participants fulfilled questionnaires about the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems (Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, 2014) and adapted questionnaires about the neck pain in everyday life (Neck disability index). To determine movement efficiency for the second sample, we applied a deep squat test, shoulder mobility test (testing battery FMS) and raised arms straight up (testing battery UKK). Furthermore, we applied torso side lean (testing battery UKK), torso deviation, and rotation and deviation of the head (with mobile app goniometry) to determine whether there are any asymmetries between left and right side of the trunk. Data analysis was performed using software IBM SPSS 20. Frequencies and frequency distributions were calculated for the descriptive variables while average, standard deviation, and standard error were calculated for the numerical variables. We tested data normativity distribution for numerical variables (Shapiro-Wilks test). Afterwards, 1-sample T-test was used to test comparison between measured and optimal movement efficiency score and Paired Sample T-test to compare the difference in mobility of the head and left and right side of the trunk. The level of significance was set at a 5% risk level during the treatments. Based on our results, predominantly sedentary workplace causes musculoskeletal problems for office workers. The pain most frequently occurs in the lumbar region of the spine, in the neck, and shoulders. The results also showed reduced movement efficiency in the upper part of the spine and reduced active mobility in the neck. In addition, smaller deviations between left and right side of thoracic and lumbar part of the spine were observed, while no statistically significant differences were found in neck rotations and deviations. Results of the research could be used as a helpful tool for professionals that provide programs for sedentary workplace employees, as well as for company executives and for any employees who sit for long periods of time and would like to improve their health.

• Keywords: office worker, sedentary workplace, cervical and thoracic spine, physical activity, exercises