Razširjenost, biologija in ekologija puščavnika (Coleoptera: Osmoderma eremita) v Slovenskih goricah : magistrsko delo

Sameja, Marko (author), Jurc, Maja (mentor)

Puščavnik Osmoderma eremita je ogrožena saproksilna vrsta hrošča iz družine Scarabaeidae. Zaradi posebnih habitatnih zahtev % vezan je namreč na prisotnost starih votlih dreves % je pomemben bioindikator stopnje ohranjenosti naravnega okolja, prisotnosti specifičnih habitatnih tipov in struktur. Vrsta je zavarovana z Bernsko konvencijo in s Habitatno direktivo. Slednja ga opredeljuje kot prednostno vrsto. Območje raziskave obsega več kot 11.000 hektarjev med 230 in 570 metri n. v. kmetijsko kulturne krajine severozahodnega dela Slovenskih goric z dobro tretjino lesnoproizvodnih listopadnih gozdov. Podatki o razširjenosti puščavnika so bili pridobljeni v obdobju 2006%2013 ter z monitoringoma s feromonskimi pastmi v letih 2014 in 2015. Zadnji podatki o puščavniku v Slovenskih goricah izvirajo s konca 19. stol., sedaj smo ga uspeli ponovno najti. Vrsto smo našli na 13-ih lokacijah, večinoma na vrbi (Salix spp.). Najdišča vrste se predlagajo kot pSAC za vključitev v omrežje Natura 2000. Za lokacijo Vukovje, kot eno od populacijskih jeder vrste, se predlaga vključitev v shemo nacionalnega monitoringa vrste. Monitoring 100-tih feromonskih pasti na 20-ih lokacijah je pokazal, da se puščavnik pojavlja najpogosteje v habitatnem tipu mejica, pojavlja pa se tudi v gozdu in drevoredu. Za monitoring vrste v gozdnem prostoru, kot njen naravni habitat, se predlaga izbor (najdebelejše drevo in sestoj v obnovi) lokacij gozdarskih stalnih vzorčnih ploskev. Številčnejše se vrsta pojavlja na debelejših drevesih. Vse biometrične lastnosti vrste so v pozitivni korelaciji, še posebej verjetno je, do so večji (daljši) puščavniki tudi najtežji. Z raziskavo smo potrdili razlike med spoloma za širino oprsja. Telesna masa odraslih živali s časom pada, še posebej pri samcih. Za aktivnejše varstvo in ohranjanje vrste bo zraven nadaljnjega terenskega vzorčenja treba vložiti še več napora v medsebojno komunikacijo med za vrsto pomembnimi deležniki v prostoru.

• Language: Slovenian
• Work type: Master's thesis
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Sameja]
• Year: 2016
• Number of pages: XI f., 75 str., [15] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-115312
• UDC: 630*145.76Osmoderma eremita+630*151.2(043.2)=163.6
• COBISS.SI-ID: 4427430
• Publication date in RUL: 22.04.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Distribution, biology and ecology of hermit beetle (Coleoptera: Osmoderma eremita) in Slovenske gorice

Abstract

Hermit beetle Osmoderma eremita is one of the indicators species, endangered saproxylic beetle from the family Scarabaeidae. Because of its specific habitat requirements % it inhabits hollows in old trees % it is an important bioindicator of the preserved natural environment and presence of specific habitat types and structures. Hermit beetle is protected by Berne Convention and FFH Directive of the European Council. The studied area comprises more than 11.000 hectares between 230 and 570 m. a.s.l. in forest and cultural landscape of north-western part of Slovenske gorice. A good third of the studied area is covered by deciduous forests used for wood production, while the rest of the area is under agricultural use. Data on distribution of hermit beetle has been collected in the period 2006-2013 and with monitoring with pheromone traps in 2014 and 2015. After the last known record of hermit beetle from end of 19th century we have succeeded to find it again in Slovenske gorice. Species was found on 13 locations, mostly willow (Salix spp.) trees. All locations with species records are an important foundation for a new pSCI proposal for Natura 2000 network. Location Vukovje is proposed for Hermit beetle national monitoring. With monitoring of 100 pheromone traps on 20 locations we discovered that Hermit beetle appears most frequently in hedges habitat type, but it also appears in forests and tree avenues. For the species monitoring in forest area we propose selection (thickest tree and forest stand in the renewal phase) of forest permanent sample plots (PSP). Species appearance is more frequent on larger trees. The biometrical characteristics have shown positive correlation between all measured biometrical characteristics. This research has confirmed significant differences between sexes for body length and thorax width. The longest beetles were heavier. We discovered statistically significant differences between sexes for thorax width. The body mass of beetles is decreasing in time. Further researches on species and sufficient offer of appropriate habitat conditions are important for Hermit beetle conservation in future. Success of conservation depends on efforts focused on active species protection.