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Skupna oporoka v nemškem in slovenskem pravnem redu
ID Privšek, Ester (Author), ID Žnidaršič Skubic, Viktorija (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Skupna oporoka je skupna izjava poslednje volje dveh ali več oseb. Nemški pravni red ureja skupno oporoko v nemškem civilnem zakoniku, ki definicije skupne oporoke ne podaja. Zakonik podeljuje možnost sestave skupne oporoke zakoncema. Načeloma gre za skupno oporoko takrat, kadar so skupna poslednja razpolaganja združena v eni listini, lahko pa gre tudi za skupna poslednja razpolaganja, med katerimi obstaja vsebinska povezanost, kot je medsebojna odvisnost. Zakon o dedovanju ne ureja skupne oporoke. Sodna praksa je bila v različnih obdobjih različno naklonjena oporočnim razpolaganjem v obliki skupne oporoke. Medtem ko je sodna praksa skupno oporoko, v kateri se razpolaga v korist tretje osebe, že dolgo dopuščala, je Višje sodišče v Ljubljani s sodbo leta 2001 odstopilo od sodne prakse, ki je štela skupno oporoko, v kateri zakonca drug drugega postavita za dediča, za a priori neveljavno. Vzajemni oporoki se tako ni odrekla sleherna veljava, temveč se je poskušalo v čim večji meri upoštevati zapustnikovo poslednjo voljo. Veljavnost le-te glede oblike pa naj bi se presojala glede izpolnjevanja obličnostnih zahtev katere od oporok, ki jih ureja Zakon o dedovanju. Skupna oporoka je v predstavljenih pravnih redih različno obravnavana. Iz podrobnejšega pregleda ureditve skupne oporoke in z njo povezanih institutov dednega prava v Nemčiji ugotovimo, da neposrednemu prevzemu nemškega instituta skupne oporoke v slovensko dednopravno zakonodajo slednja ni naklonjena. Ureditev instituta skupne oporoke tudi v slovenskem pravnem redu bi bila možna le ob ustrezni spremembi slovenske dednopravne zakonodaje oz. prilagoditvi instituta le-tej.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:skupna oporoka, vzajemna oporoka, skupna lastnoročna oporoka, vzajemnost, medsebojna odvisnost, berlinska oporoka, preklic medsebojno odvisnih razpolaganj, konverzija
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Year:2020
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-114980 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:13509379 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:07.04.2020
Views:1910
Downloads:315
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Joint will in the German and Slovenian legal system
Abstract:
Joint will is a will made by two or several persons. German legal order regulates joint will in its German Civil Code, but skips a definition. According to the Code, joint will can be made between spouses. However, a joint will can be made when dispositions mortis causa are joint in one document or when there is a different kind of connection between dispositions mortis causa, such as reciprocal dispositions. The Slovenian Inheritance Act does not regulate joint will. While case law adopted a different approach toward dispositions mortis causa made as joint will during different times. Case law has long since been inclined to a joint will with dispositions mortis causa in favour of third party, whereas in 2001 the Ljubljana Higher Court changed the ruling that held a joint will in which spouses appoint each other as heirs as a priori invalid. The court decided to refrain from refusing validity of testator's dispositions mortis causa. Such testamentary dispositions stay valid if formal requirements of any type of will that is prescribed by the law are fulfilled. Both legal systems have different view on joint will. From a detailed analysis of regulation of joint will and related legal institutes in German law of inheritance, can be concluded that the Slovenian law of inheritance is not inclined toward the adoption of the institute as regulated in German Civil Code. Though the posibility to adopt joint will is possible with certain adjustments of the institute to the Slovenian inheritance law or eventually with corresponding change of Slovenian inheritance law itself.

Keywords:joint will, reciprocial will, joint holographic will, reciprocal dispositions, reciprocal appointment, Berlin will, revocation of reciprocal dispositions, re-interpretation

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