Today, the new digital reality that operators of modern communications systems are
faced with is shaped by a variety of phenomenal technological advancements,
including, a high-speed, low-latency and high-availability mobile Internet, migration
of services and applications into the Internet cloud, and the rise of the Internet of
Things and machine-to-machine communications. The trends of data-based traffic in
mobile networks has been consistently increasing over the past years, which in parallel
effects in the equally increasing numbers of the required system-level signalling traffic
and the number of connected devices. The evolved packet system (EPS) represents an
answer to these challenges along with its evolutionary successor fifth generation (5G).
The introduction of 5G and its positioning within new industrial verticals, such as
energy systems, smart cities, industry 4.0, digital health and autonomous driving, is a
driving force for further increase in the technological heterogeneity of modern mobile
systems where a successful rollout and commercialisation of 5G depends among other
things also on a successful and timely delivery of technological solutions that comply
with particular specifics of each vertical industry. Emergency communications
represent such an example where general functional and non-functional requirements
are further complemented with domain-specific expectations, including support for
multi-homing in technologically diverse access systems and possibilities for capacity
and performance bundling to deliver improved availability and efficient load
balancing of individual segments of the communications systems. As a result, the
operators and service providers are today faced with ground-breaking changes both
technology and service wise as well as in terms of their businesses, and are forced to
drastically redesign their concepts of network design, management and operation as
well as develop new business models that will cater for newly interconnected vertical
sectors.
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| Keywords: | OAM, 5G, 5G NR, EPS, 4G, LTE, HSPA, 3G, EDGE, 2G, EAP-AKA, QoS, PCC, IoE, IoT, M2M, IPv4, IPv6, NEMO, 3GPP, MEF, ITU-T, framework, policing, mobility, security, encryption, quality |
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