Stališča do spolnosti pri varovancih centrov za usposabljanje, delo in varstvo

Bunderla, Vanja (author), Masten, Robert (mentor)

Spolnost je ena izmed občutljivejših tem v družbi, povezana z mnogimi tabuji, zato je razumljivo, da v povezavi z motnjo v duševnem razvoju (MDR) naleti še na toliko bolj odklonilen odnos in nerazumevanje (Hrastar, 2013; Nojić, 2007). Zaradi znižanega intelektualnega delovanja ter možne socialne in gibalne nespretnosti lahko napačno predpostavimo, da je razvoj oseb z MDR prav tako okrnjen na področju spolnosti (Hrastar, 2013). Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kakšna stališča do spolnosti oseb z MDR imajo starši teh oseb, strokovni delavci, ki se z osebami ukvarjajo ter laična slovenska javnost. Proučeno je bilo tudi, kako na stališča vplivajo starost, izobrazba, spol udeležencev, udeležba na izobraževanju o spolnosti, leta delovnih izkušenj ter spol oseb z MDR. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 212 udeležencev laične javnosti, 112 strokovnih delavcev iz centrov za usposabljanje, delo in varstvo in 39 staršev. Udeleženci so bili stari od 18 do 75 let. Uporabljen je bil Vprašalnik stališč do spolnosti oseb z motnjo v duševnem razvoju (Cuskelly in Gilmore, 2007). Udeleženci so svoja stališča podali na 6-stopenjski Likertovi lestvici. Udeleženci so imeli najbolj pozitivna stališča do ne-reproduktivnega spolnega vedenja, kot je npr. samozadovoljevanje. Sledijo spolne pravice (poroka, partnerska zveza, pravica do spolne vzgoje) in zmožnost nadziranja spolnih impulzov. Najmanj pozitivna stališča so imeli do starševstva. Le do slednjega so se udeleženci med sabo v stališčih statistično pomembno razlikovali, pri čemer je imela najbolj pozitivna stališča laična javnost, nato strokovni delavci in najmanj pozitivna starši. Kot pomemben dejavnik se je izkazala udeležba na izobraževanju o spolnosti oseb z MDR pri strokovnih delavcih. Do neke mere so se stališča udeležencev povezovala tudi z izobrazbo, starostjo in spolom udeležencev. Delovne izkušnje strokovnih delavcev in spol oseb z MDR na stališča udeležencev niso imeli pomembnega vpliva.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: spolnost, motnje v duševnem razvoju, stališča, javno mnenje, strokovni delavci, starši
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-113862
• Publication date in RUL: 08.02.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Attitudes to sexuality of residents of institutes for education, work, and care

Abstract

Sexuality is one of the more sensitive topics in society. It is linked to many taboos. Therefore, it is understandable that, in connection with intellectual disability (ID), it encounters even more negative attitudes and misunderstandings (Hrastar, 2013; Nojić, 2007). Due to the reduced intellectual functioning and possible social and physical discomfort, it can be wrong to assume that the development of people with ID is also impaired in the field of sexuality (Hrastar, 2013). The purpose of the research was to find out what attitudes towards the sexuality of persons with ID have parents of these persons, professional personnel who deal with them, and general Slovene public. It also examined how attitudes are influenced by age, education, the gender of the participants, participation in sexuality education, years of work experience, and gender of people with ID. The survey included 212 participants from the general public, 112 professional personnel from institutes for education, work, and care, and 39 parents. The participants were 18 to 75 years old. The Sexuality Attitudes Questionnaire for Persons with Mental Disabilities was used (Cuskelly and Gilmore, 2007) and the participants presented their views on the 6-point Likert scale. The participants had the most positive attitudes towards non-reproductive sexual behavior, such as masturbation. These attitudes were followed by sexual rights (marriage, partnership, and right to sexual education) and the control of sexual impulses. The least positive were the attitudes towards parenthood. Only to the latter, the participants differed statistically in their attitudes with the most positive views being held by the general public. Less positive attitudes were held by the professional personnel and the least positive by the parents. The participation of the professional personnel in the sexuality education of persons with ID has proven to be an important factor. To some extent, the participants' attitudes were also related to the participants' education, age, and gender. The years of work experience of the professional personnel and the gender of the individuals with ID did not have a significant impact on the participants' attitudes.

• Keywords: sexuality, intellectual disability, attitudes, public opinion, professional personnel, parents