Analiza razmerja med terorističnimi dejanji in vojnimi zločini

Zidarič, Matic (author), Prezelj, Iztok (mentor)

Teroristična dejanja predstavljajo nasilna dejanja, katerih glavni namen je povzročitev političnih sprememb ter doseganje političnih ciljev, glavne žrtve pa v večini primerov predstavlja civilno prebivalstvo. Danes je terorizem sprejet kot mednarodni zločin, ki zaradi svojih karakteristik predstavlja okrutna dejanja, ki so izziv za mednarodno varnost in stabilnost. Terorizem s svojimi dejanji krši mednarodno humanitarno pravo, ki deluje s ciljem zagotoviti zaščito in preživetje ljudi, ki so udeleženi v oboroženem konfliktu. Hkrati mednarodno humanitarno pravo ščiti pomembne človeške vrednote ter poskuša osebe zaščititi v oboroženih konfliktih. Terorizem s svojo naravo delovanja predstavlja dejanja, ki so enakovredna vojnim zločinom, hkrati pa ta predstavljajo kršitve pravnih določil, katera tvorijo pravo oboroženih spopadov. Največji izziv predstavlja definiranje vojne narave terorizma, saj teroristična dejanja s strani individualnih terorističnih organizacij pravno gledano ne izpolnjujejo pogojev za povzročitev vojnega dejanja. Najbolj očitno je to postalo v dogajanju po napadu 11. septembra 2001, ko je ameriška vlada oznanila vojno proti terorizmu. Teroristična dejanja, za katerimi stojijo posamezniki, ponavadi tvorijo konflikte nizke intenzivnosti, za katere pa ima mednarodno humanitarno pravo omejen doseg. Teroristična dejanja v odsotnosti oboroženega konflikta po mednarodnem humanitarnem pravu ne morejo biti opredeljena kot vojni zločin, kljub temu pa decentraliziranost mednarodnega prava državam omogoča lastno interpretacijo tega.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Teroristično dejanje, mednarodno humanitarno pravo, 11. september 2001, mednarodni oboroženi spopad, ženevske konvencije
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FDV - Faculty of Social Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Zidarič]
• Year: 2020
• Number of pages: 82 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-113799
• UDC: 323.285:341(043.3)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 36619357
• Publication date in RUL: 05.02.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Ratio analysis between Terrorist acts and War crimes

Abstract

Terrorist attacks represent acts of violence whose main purpose is to cause political change and achieve political goals while mainly targeting civilian population. Today, terrorism is accepted as an international crime but despite its definition which is the victim to its characteristics, it represents cruel acts that remain a challenge to international security. Terrorism violates international humanitarian law by acting in accordance with the provision of the protection and survival of human lives that occur for a duration of an armed conflict. At the same time international humanitarian law seeks to protect people and basic human values during armed conflicts, which results in causing enormous consequences for civilians. Terrorism and its nature of actions represents an act equivalent to war crimes that constitute violations of the legal rules which together constitute the law of armed conflicts. The greatest challenge lies in the military nature of terrorism since terrorism is legally not an act of war. Groundbreaking event occured in the aftermath of the terrorist attack on 9/11, when the US government announced and presented term “war on terrorism”. Terrorist acts theoretically form present low intensity conflicts for which international humanitarian law has a limited reach. Thus acts of terrorism in the absence of an armed conflict can under international humanitarian law not be defined as a war crime but nevertheless, the decentralization of international law enables states to interpret their international obligations and court hearings to their own agenda.

• Keywords: Terrorism, international humanitarian law, 11. september 2001, international armed conflict, Geneva conventions