Analiza dosežkov devetošolcev na državnem tekmovanju iz kemije leta 2017

Baler Petrović, David (author), Devetak, Iztok (mentor)

Zveza za tehnično kulturo Slovenije vsako leto organizira tekmovanje iz znanja kemije za Preglova priznanja in plakete. Tekmovanje poteka na osnovni in srednji šoli. Na osnovni šoli se tekmovalci 8. in 9. razreda potegujejo za Preglova priznanja, na srednji šoli pa za Preglove plakete. Tekmovanje se uveljavlja kot pomembna in uspešna oblika dela z učenci, saj je vsako tekmovanje izziv za posameznika, ki daje tekmovalcu nekakšno potrditev samega sebe in mu pokaže, kakšne so njegove sposobnosti v primerjavi s sposobnostmi drugih. Študije kažejo, da učenci radi tekmujejo, saj tekmovanja vplivajo na njihovo samozavest in motivacijo za nadaljnje delo. Tekmovanje predstavlja tudi pomembno obliko dela z nadarjenimi učenci. S kvantitativnim raziskovalnim pristopom je bilo analiziranih 780 pisnih preizkusov znanja 51. državnega tekmovanja za Preglovo priznanje iz kemije v letu 2017. Analizirani preizkusi znanja so bili pridobljeni na Zvezi za tehnično kulturo Slovenije. Namen magistrskega dela je na podlagi analize reševanja nalog pridobiti informacije o tem, katere pojme učenci, tekmovalci iz kemije v osnovni šoli dobro razumejo in kje se tudi pri njih pojavljajo težave. Na podlagi podrobne analize odgovorov posamezne naloge iz preizkusov znanja je mogoče podati zaključke o tem, na katere vsebine mentorji tekmovalce ustrezno pripravljajo in katerim je potrebno dati večji poudarek. Namen magistrskega dela je tudi analiza najpogostejših napak, ki se pojavljajo. Iz rezultatov analize je mogoče ugotoviti zahtevnost posameznih nalog. Za posamezno nalogo je bilo ugotovljeno tudi število učencev, ki so pri nalogi podali pravilen odgovor, in število učencev, ki naloge niso reševali. Najpogostejši napačni odgovori so bili: nepoznavanje kemijskih pojmov in dejstev, napačno branje slik in submikroskopskih predstavitev, površno branje navodil, težave v razumevanju matematičnih odnosov. Tekmovalci so najboljše reševali naloge izbirnega tipa, pri katerih se pojavlja največji odstotek tekmovalcev, ki so dosegli vse točke. Največ težav pa je tekmovalcem povzročalo reševanje strukturiranih nalog, ki spadajo v višje kognitivne ravni. Ugotovljeni zaključki so uporabni kot predlogi za izboljšanje poučevanja in kot povratna informacija mentorjem ter sestavljavcem nalog o njihovem delu.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: tekmovalnost
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-113518
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12774985
• Publication date in RUL: 24.01.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Analysis of the achievements of ninth graders at the 2017 National chemistry competition

Abstract

Every year, the Association for Technical Culture of Slovenia launches a chemistry competition for Pregl award and plaques. The competition takes place at a primary school and at a high school. Competitors from the eighth and ninth grade of primary schools compete for the Pregl award, and students from high schools compete for the Pregl plaque. The competition is considered as an important and a successful form of working with pupils as each competition represents a challenge for the competitor, making them more confident and being able to compare their skills with the skills of other competitors. According to studies, pupils like to compete as competitions boost their confidence and motivation for future work. What is more, the competition is an important form of working with gifted pupils. With a qualitative research approach, 780 written examinations of the 51th national chemistry competition for Pregl award in 2017 were analysed. They were obtained from the Association for Technical Culture of Slovenia. The aim of the master's thesis is to gather information, based on the analysis of the examinations, what terms the pupils, the primary school competitors, are familiar with and where they have problems. Based on a thorough analysis of the results from individual tasks of the examination, conclusions can be drawn about what contents the competitors are well-prepared for by their mentors and what contents should be given more attention. The aim of the master's thesis is also to analyse the most commonly occurring mistakes. The results of the analysis show the difficulty of the tasks. The number of pupils who solved the task correctly was given, as was the number of pupils who did not solve the task at all. The most common wrong answers occurred due to: insufficient knowledge of chemical concepts and facts, misunderstanding of the pictures and submicroscopic presentations, negligent reading of instructions, problems in understanding mathematical relations. The competitors were the best at solving multiple-choice tasks, where the highest percentage of the competitors obtained all points. The competitors, however, faced the most problems solving structured tasks, which belong to a higher cognitive level. The determined conclusions can be used as suggestions for the improvement of teaching as well as a feedback to mentors and creators of the tasks about their work.

• Keywords: competition