Zaposlitvene in stanovanjske težave mladostnikov po odhodu iz izvendružinske oskrbe

Friščić, Matea (author), Rihter, Liljana (mentor)

Osrednja tema magistrskega dela je raziskovanje stanovanjske in zaposlitvene problematike oseb, ki so bile v otroštvu oziroma mladosti nastanjene v izvendružinsko oskrbo. Zanimalo me je, kako so se znašli po odhodu iz institucij, kako so iskali zaposlitev in prebivališče. Odločila sem se za kvalitativno raziskavo, saj sem želela pridobiti besedne opise. V teoretičnem delu sem predstavila definicijo mladosti in dejavnike odraščanja, kakšni so varovalni dejavniki ter dejavniki tveganja. Nadaljevala sem s predstavitvijo izvendružinskih oblik oskrbe, kjer sem jih naštela in opisala njihove poglavitne značilnosti. Ključni del teoretičnega dela je opis stanovanjske problematike mladih in mladih na trgu dela. Pri tem sem obravnavala tudi brezdomstvo in brezposelnost mladih. Nato sem opisala vlogo centrov za socialno delo pri vstopu mladostnikov v različne oblike izvendružinske oskrbe ter poodpustno obravnavo. Za konec teoretičnega dela pa sem predstavila tudi odnos med socialnim delavcem in uporabnikom. V empiričnem delu sem predstavila ugotovitve raziskave, ki sem jo izvedla s pomočjo intervjujev na neslučajnostnem priložnostnem vzorcu oseb, ki so bile v otroštvu oziroma mladosti nastanjene v izvendružinsko oskrbo. V intervjujih sem osebe spraševala po naslednjih temah: vzroki za namestitev v izvendružinsko oskrbo, obdobje v instituciji, iskanje zaposlitve, iskanje prebivališča, dodatne potrebe in želene spremembe. Ugotovila sem, da otroci oziroma mladostniki pristanejo v različnih oblikah izvendružinske oskrbe predvsem zaradi družinske situacije in raznovrstnih težav v šoli oziroma izbire družbe. Raziskava je pokazala, da se mladostniki v instituciji počutijo dobro in navežejo stike z ostalimi nastanjenimi. Ob raziskovanju odhoda iz institucij sem pridobila podatke, da strokovni delavci z mladostniki načrtujejo odhod iz institucije, predvsem s pogovori o različnih situacijah. Ugotovila sem tudi, da se mladi po odhodu iz institucije večinoma ne vrnejo domov, pač pa si uredijo bivanje v študentskem domu ali najemnem stanovanju. Vse potrebne finance si pridobijo z delom prek študentskega servisa ali redne zaposlitve, nekateri pa tudi prek pokojnin ali denarne socialne pomoči. Danes poročajo, da jih je izkušnja izoblikovala in da ne bi spremenili svoje preteklosti. Na podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov sem o ugotovitvah razglabljala ter jih povezovala z dosedanjimi teoretičnimi spoznanji. Nato sem na podlagi rezultatov zapisala tudi predloge, za katere menim, da bi smiselno pripomogli k izboljšanju stanovanjske in zaposlitvene problematike, in sicer s tem, da bi namenili več pozornosti učenju kompetenc, ki so pomembne za samostojno življenje, ter zagotovili več sodelovanja institucij z različnimi neprofitnimi organizacijami za vpogled v različna tveganja, več preventivnega dela z družinami ter več interdisciplinarnega dela.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: izvendružinska oskrba, mladostniki, stanovanjske težave, zaposlitev, samostojnost, strokovni delavci
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-113466
• Publication date in RUL: 09.01.2020

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Housing and employment problems of youth in out of family care

Abstract

The main topic of this master thesis is the research of housing and employment problems of those who were growing up in out of family care. The research focuses on how successful were they in seeking employment and housing after transition to adulthood and leaving care facilities. Qualitative research method was used for this research in order to get in-depth answers in narrative form. In theoretical part of this thesis the definition of youth is explained and factors of growing, protective and risk factors are explained. Furthermore, this part of thesis presents and describes forms of out of family care. The central role in this part is the description of housing problem among young people and their situation on the labour market. Homelessness among young people and youth unemployment are also addressed in this thesis. Lastly this part outlines the role of centres of social work in the process of entrance of children and young people in different forms of out of family care and the role of these centres after young people transition to adulthood and leaving care facilities. The relation between social workers and users is also addressed. The empirical part of this thesis presents findings of the research, which were obtained by using a non-probability accidental sample of people, who were accommodated in their youth in out of family care. Following questions were asked: the cause for the need of out of family care, the period within the institution, employment and home search, additional needs and desired changes. The research has shown that children and young people land in different forms of out of family care largely due to the family situation, different problems in school or poor choice of associates. According to the research children and young people feel well in the institution and make contacts with others among them. Before leaving the institution young people plan their life outside of it with social workers mostly through discussions about possible situations that they could confront outside of institution. The research has also shown that the majority of young adults don’t return to their family once they leave the institution. They mostly make arrangements to live in student halls of residence or in rental housing. They get the needed finances for their living through so-called student work or regular employment, some of them also receive pensions or financial social assistance. Lastly the research shows that children and young people would not want to change their past and avoid being in out of family care. On the basis of the results obtained a few suggestions for improving housing and employment problems of youth after transition to adulthood were given at the end of this thesis. Greater emphasis should be given on obtaining competences which would help young people once they leave care facilities. Also more attention should be given to interdisciplinary work and preventive measures such as working with families.

• Keywords: out of family care, youth, housing problems, employments, independence, social workers