Krovni sistematični pregled učinkovitosti strategij in intervencij za izboljšanje zdravstvene pismenosti prebivalstva

Leban, Kaja (author), Horvat, Nejc (mentor)

Ozadje: Zaradi razlik v zdravstveni pismenosti posameznikov je povečevanje zdravstvene pismenosti ključno za izboljšanje zdravja. Intervencije za izboljšanje zdravstvene pismenosti so številne, a se v populaciji po učinkovitosti razlikujejo. Namen: Namen magistrske naloge je izvedba krovnega sistematičnega pregleda učinkovitosti strategij in intervencij za izboljšanje zdravstvene pismenosti prebivalstva. Prepoznati želimo značilnosti učinkovitih strategij in intervencij za izboljšanje nizke zdravstvene pismenosti in njihov vpliv na različne zdravstvene izide. Metode: V podatkovni bazi MEDLINE smo z definiranim iskalnim profilom naredili pregled literature, izbrane sistematične preglede in meta-analize ovrednotili po smernicah vprašalnikov PRISMA, AMSTAR in AMSTAR 2 ter na podlagi izbranih člankov naredili krovni pregled. Predstavili smo podatke iz vseh pregledov, primerjali rezultate in ocenili kakovost. Nato smo pripravili popis strategij in intervencij, vsebinski povzetek ter interpretirali rezultate. Rezultati: V krovni pregled smo vključili 20 člankov. Povprečna ocena kakovosti v vključenih sistematičnih pregledih je bila 62,6 % po vprašalniku PRISMA, 62,9 % po vprašalniku AMSTAR in opisna ocena kritično nizka kakovost po vprašalniku AMSTAR 2. Čeprav so se članki po kakovosti razlikovali, so se učinkovite intervencije med višje in nižje kakovostnimi študijami ujemale. Največji učinek za izboljšanje znanja udeležencev s področja zdravja je pri večini imela verbalna komunikacija, ki je vključevala različna svetovanja in izobraževanja, zelo učinkovito pa je bilo tudi poenostavljeno pisno gradivo nižje težavnosti. Za izboljšanje samoučinkovitosti in sodelovanja pri zdravljenju pa so bile zelo učinkovite tudi e-intervencije in večpredstavna vsebina. Sklepi: Učinkovitost intervencij se pri posamezni populaciji razlikuje, razlike pa so tudi glede na stopnjo zdravstvene pismenosti in izobrazbo. Kljub temu pa so najučinkovitejše tiste intervencije, ki so prilagojene posamezniku, vključujejo poenostavljeno pisno gradivo, opomnike za jemanje zdravila ter vključujejo sproščeno interaktivno komunikacijo z zdravstvenim delavcem. Ključne besede: zdravstvena pismenost, zdravje, pismenost, intervencija, strategija, program, izboljšanje, učinkovitost, efektnost, efektivnost, korist, izid.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: zdravstvena pismenost, zdravje, pismenost, intervencija, strategija, program, izboljšanje, učinkovitost, efektnost, efektivnost, korist, izid
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-113346
• Publication date in RUL: 21.12.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: An umbrella review of strategies' and interventions' effectivness for improving general population health literacy

Abstract

Background: Due to the differences in health literacy among individuals, enhancing health literacy is key to improving health. There are many interventions for improving health literacy, which differ from the population in the effectiveness. Aim: The aim of this master thesis is to perform an umbrella review concerning the strategies' and interventions' effectivness for improving general population health literacy. We want to identify the characteristics of the effective strategies and interventions to improve low health literacy affecting a variety of health outcomes. Methods: In the database MEDLINE we did a review of the literature with defined search profile, we evaluated the chosen systematic reviews and meta-analysis according to PRISMA, AMSTAR and AMSTAR 2 guidelines. Next, we performed an umbrella review. We presented the data from all of the reviews; we compared the results and assessed the quality. Then we prepared an inventory of strategies and interventions and the content summary. Finally, we interpreted the results. Results: In our umbrella review, we included 20 articles. The average rating of the quality of the included systematic reviews was 62.6 % for PRISMA, 62.9 % for AMSTAR and critically low quality for AMSTAR 2. Even though the articles varied a lot in terms of quality, effective interventions for improving health literacy between the higher and lower quality studies were the same. Verbal communication which included counseling and education affected the participant’s knowledge on health to the highest extent. Another highly influential factor was the simplified written material, which was easy to understand. Moreover, e-interventions and multimedia were also the factors that increased self-efficacy and cooperation in the treatment. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the interventions varies in each population, which also depends on the level of health literacy and level of education. Nevertheless, the most effective interventions are those that are tailored to the individual and include simplified written material, reminders for taking medications; including a relaxed, interactive communication with a health care professional. Key words: health literacy, health, literacy, intervention, strategy, program, improvement, effectiveness, efficacy, efficiency, benefit, outcome.

• Keywords: health literacy, health, literacy, intervention, strategy, program, improvement, effectiveness, efficacy, efficiency, benefit, outcome