VPLIV ŠIRINE SMUČI NA VELIKOST VIBRACIJ V KOLENSKEM SKLEPU SMUČARJA PRI ALPSKEM SMUČANJU : magistrsko delo

Brumec, Aleška (author), Lešnik, Blaž (mentor), Supej, Matej (comentor)

Smučanje je po priljubljenosti zagotovo v vrhu med športnimi panogami v Sloveniji in v svetu. Vedno več je rekreativcev, ki imajo različne zahteve, želje in znanje, ter tekmovalcev na drugi strani, ki od svoje opreme pričakujejo največ, kar je možno, v parih odločilnih sekundah. V tok želja in širjenja znanja mora stopiti tudi industrija in proizvajalci, če želijo biti konkurenčni. Pomembno delo tukaj opravijo raziskovalci, ki jih zanima, kako in v katero smer izboljšati učenje ter po drugi strani opremo, da bo le-ta najboljši približek popolnemu. Smučanje je kompleksen šport, na katerega vpliva veliko dejavnikov. V prvi vrsti je to smučar sam s svojim znanjem in z opremo, ki jo ima na sebi, sile, s katerimi deluje na podlago ter obratno in sile, ki se ustvarjajo med vožnjo. Pomembni pa so tudi zunanji dejavniki, na katere največkrat nimamo vpliva. Vreme nam spreminja vidljivost na progi, temperature vplivajo na sestavo snega, smuči na različnih podlagah drugače odreagirajo, drugi smučarji okoli nas; vse to so sestavni deli smučanja. V magistrskem delu nas je zanimalo, kako širina smuči pod smučarskim čevljem vpliva na vibracije v kolenskem sklepu. Poškodbe so del vsakega športa, tudi smučanja, kjer je koleno eno izmed najbolj obremenjenih in izpostavljenih delov. V trend razvoja smuči prihajajo širše smučke, za katere nas je zanimalo, kakšen vpliv imajo na smučarja. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih šest smučarjev iz demonstratorske vrste, starih med 20 in 30 let. Vsi smučarji so bili bivši tekmovalci in brez resnejših poškodb kolenskega sklepa. Smučarji so prevozili progo z 12 zavoji s tremi različnimi tipi smuči: z ozkimi, s srednjimi in širokimi. Do teh ugotovitev smo prišli s pomočjo inercialnih senzorjev gibanja, ki ugotavljajo tri-dimenzionalni pospešek, 3D kotno hitrost in 3D magnetno polje. Sistem ima 17 senzorjev, ki zajemajo gibanje 23 telesnih segmentov v realnem času. Sistem omogoča meritev pospeškov posameznega segmenta, s pomočjo katerega smo izračunali močnostne spektre, ki predstavljajo vibracije. Na podlagi meritev smo ugotovili, da širina smuči vpliva na vibracije v kolenskem sklepu. Širše smuči povzročijo večje vibracij kot ožje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Ključne besede: alpsko smučanje, biomehanika, širina smuči, kolenski sklep, vibracije, poškodbe.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-112722
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5629617
• Publication date in RUL: 08.11.2019

Secondary language

• Language: Unknown
• Title: The Influence of the ski width on vibrations in the knee joint of skiers of alpine skiing

Abstract

Skiing is definitely one of the most popular sport activities in Slovenia and around the world. There are more and more sport enthusiasts with different demands, wishes and knowledge; people who expect the best from their equipment in deciding seconds. Therefore, the sport industry and the manufacturers have to be quick in knowledge development and trend following in order to be considered competitive. The important job here goes to the researchers who are interested in the direction of the study development and the development of equipment close to perfection. Skiing is a complex sport dependent on many factors. In the first place, the first factor is the skier himself/herself with all his/her knowledge and equipment, the force he/she has on the surface and the forces created during the ride. Also important are the external factors we have no way of controlling. The weather changes the visibility on the ski run, the temperatures affect the snow structure, there are different ski reactions on different surfaces, also there are other skiers around us – all these are the components of skiing. With our research, we wanted to check the effect of the ski width under the ski shoe on the vibrations in the knee joint. Injuries are a part of any sport, also of skiing where the knee one of the most pressured parts is, in danger of damage at any time. Nowadays, wider skis are the trend, and we wanted to know what an effect they had on the skier. The research included six skiers between 20 and 30 years old from the demonstration line. All skiers used to be competitors having no bad knee joint injuries. The skiers rode out 12 turns with three different ski types: narrow, medial and wide ones. Inertial sensors of movement detecting 3D acceleration, 3D angle speed and 3D magnetic field brought us to our research findings. The system has 17 sensors sensitive to 23 body segments in real time. The system also enables the measuring of accelerations of specific segments with the help of which the power spectrums presenting vibrations were calculated. We evaluated the effect of vibrations on the jump, knee and hip joints in all three types of skis. Based on the measurements we found out that the ski width affects the vibrations in all joints, especially in the knee joint. Wider skis cause bigger vibrations than the narrow ones.

• Keywords: Key words: alpine skiing, biomechanics, ski width, knee joint, vibrations, injuries.