Mineralna sestava kamnin in prsti s področja Podgorice

Grojzdek, Lucija (author), Golobič, Amalija (mentor)

Določala sem mineralno sestavo prsti in kamnin odvzetih v bližini Podgorice, oziroma Črnuč pri Ljubljani. Odvzem vzorcev je bil izveden na štirih različnih področjih. Vzorčenje prsti posameznega področja je bilo izvedeno dvakrat, tako da je bil odvzet vzorec prsti na površini in v globini. Štirje vzorci (dva para) so bili odvzeti na Olski gori in štirje vzorci (dva para) na travniku ob njenem vznožju. Deveti in deseti vzorec predstavljata dva kamna Olske gore, vzeta na površju in v globini. Enajsti vzorec pa kamen s travnika ob njenem vznožju, vzorčen iz globine. Z metodo rentgenske praškovne difrakcije in uporabo programa Crystallographic Search Match je bila izvedena kvalitativna fazna analiza in z njo določena prisotnost posameznih mineralov v odvzetih vzorcih. Z Rietveldovo metodo in programom Topas pa kvantitativna analiza, pri čemer so bili določeni masni deleži posameznih kristalnih faz. Fazna sestava prsti na površju in v globini je zelo podobna. Analiza vzorcev je pokazala, da na območju vzorčenja prevladujejo silikatni minerali. Na Olski gori je največ muskovita, na travniku pa kremena. Muskovit se uvršča med sljude, le-ta pa med plastovite silikate, kremen pa med tridimenzionalne silikatne minerale. Vse prsti vključujejo majhno količino plastovitega silikata klinoklora in (največkrat) v sledovih tudi titanov dioksid - rutil. V posameznih vzorcih je v manjši količini zaznati tudi prisotnost nesilikatnega, karbonatnega minerala dolomita. Sestava kamnov pa je, razen v enem primeru (kamen odvzet na površini gore), bistveno drugačna od sestave prsti. Kamen, odvzet na Olski gori iz globine, je bil skoraj v celoti iz dolomita. Kamen iz globine travnika je vseboval veliko albita, ki spada med glinence in ga ni bilo v nobenem drugem vzorcu. Samo en vzorec, je vseboval malo kalcita, ki je sicer zelo pogost mineral v Sloveniji. To je bil vzorec prsti odvzet na travniku iz globine. Mineralna sestava prsti in kamnin, ki so bile analizirane, je v skladu z literaturnimi podatki za ta del Ljubljanske kotline.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Mineralna sestava, rentgenska praškovna difrakcija, kvalitativna analiza, kvantitativna analiza, prst
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-112636
• COBISS.SI-ID: 1538485699
• Publication date in RUL: 28.10.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Mineralogical composition of soil and rocks of Podogorica area

Abstract

The mineral composition of soil and rocks taken near Podgorica, in the vicinity of Črnuče at Ljubljana, was analyzed. Sampling was carried out in four different areas. The soil sampling of each area was performed twice, the surface and depth samples were taken. Four samples (two pairs) were taken on Olska mountain and four samples (two pairs) on the meadow at the foothills of the mountain. Two samples were two stones of Olska mountain, one taken from the surface and the other in the depth. The eleventh sample was a stone from the meadow at its foot, sampled from the depth. Qualitative phase analysis was performed by X-ray powder diffraction method using program Crystallographic Search Match. This way we determined which minerals are in samples. Mass fraction of crystalline phases were determined by quantitative analysis by Rietveld method using program Topas. The phase composition of the soil on the surface and in depth is very similar. Analysis of the samples showed that silicate minerals were predominant in the sampling area. On Olska mountain the most common mineral is muscovite and on the meadow quartz. Muscovite is classified as mica, it is a layered silicate and quartz is three-dimensional silicate mineral. All soils include a small amount of layered silicate, clinochlore, and (most often) trace amounts of titanium dioxide - rutile. In some samples, the presence of a non-silicate, carbonate mineral dolomite was detected in a smaller amount. It was found that the composition of the stones, except in one case (the stone taken on the surface of the mountain) is significantly different from the composition of the soil. The stone, taken at Olska mountain in the depth, consists almost entirely of dolomite. The rock from the depths of the meadow contained large amount of albite, the mineral not present in any other sample. Only one sample contained small amount of calcite, which is otherwise a very common mineral in Slovenia. This was a sample of soil from the depths of the lawn. The mineral composition of the soils and rocks that have been analyzed is in accordance with the literature data for this part of the Ljubljana basin.

• Keywords: Mineralogical composition, X-ray powder diffraction, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, soil