Učbeniki in delovni zvezki za slovenski jezik v zadnjem triletju osnovne šole s prilagojenim programom : diplomsko delo

Ratković, Manca (author), Vogel, Jerica (mentor), Kalin, Janica (mentor)

V zadnjem času je vse bolj pogosto, da se učenci s posebnimi potrebami šolajo v redni osnovni šoli. V osnovno šolo s prilagojenim programom so večinoma vključeni le še tisti, za katere se s postopkom usmerjanja ugotovi, da je za njih ali pa za njihove vrstnike v redni šoli bolje, če se šolajo po prilagojenem programu. To so tisti učenci, pri katerih je stopnja primanjkljajev oziroma posebnih potreb prevelika za redno osnovno šolo. Kot je pomembno, da se pri usmerjanju ne naredi napake in da se vse učence vključi v zanje primerno izobraževalno okolje, pa je pomembno tudi, da se jim v tem okolju nudi pogoje, pod katerimi bodo lahko razvili svoje potenciale in napredovali v skladu s svojimi zmožnostmi. Tako je za te učence in njihove učitelje nujno potrebno, da imajo na voljo primerno prilagojen učni načrt in pa tudi gradiva, ki tem prilagojenim učnim načrtom sledijo. Leta 2008 so na Zavodu za šolstvo izdali komplet učbenikov in delovnih zvezkov za pouk slovenščine v zadnjem triletju osnovne šole s prilagojenim programom. To je prvo gradivo, ki je bilo izdano v ta namen, kajti v preteklosti so si morali učitelji pomagati z učbeniki za redno osnovno šolo, iz katerih so potem črpali posamezne dele snovi in posamezne naloge. Ta način pa je bil seveda manj primeren za učence s posebnimi potrebami, od učiteljev pa je zahteval veliko več časa in truda, pri tem pa tudi niso nikoli vedeli, ali bo njihovo delo uspešno ali ne. Razlik med učnim načrtom za redno šolo in učnim načrtom za osnovno šolo s prilagojenim programom je veliko, cilji se pogosto razlikujejo oziroma so primerno prilagojeni, ali pa je prilagojen način dela, zato pomoč iz učbenikov redne šole ni bila dolgoročno primerna, temveč je bila zgolj rešitev v sili. Novi učbeniki in delovni zvezki pa so na vseh področjih, od splošno didaktičnih do jezikovno didaktičnih, prilagojeni učencem s posebnimi potrebami. Tako spodbujajo motivacijo učencev, učiteljem pa pomagajo graditi sistematično in kvalitetno znanje. Seveda pa so učenci v osnovni šoli s prilagojenim programom tako heterogena skupina, da je v vsebine še vedno treba prilagajati. Toda z novimi učbeniki in delovnimi zvezki je potrebnih prilagoditev manj, učenci pa so lahko pri delu bolj samostojni.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: slovenščina, učbeniki, delovni zvezki, osnovna šola, osnovna šola s prilagojenim programom, diplomsko delo
• Work type: Undergraduate thesis
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Ratković]
• Year: 2010
• Number of pages: IX, 170 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-112082
• UDC: 811.163.6(075):376
• COBISS.SI-ID: 43351138
• Publication date in RUL: 22.10.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English

Abstract

Pupils with special educational needs are being included in regular elementary school programs more often recently. Elementary schools with adjusted program are mostly attended by pupils for whom the process guidance revealed that it would be better for them, respectively for their peers in regular school if they attended an adjusted program. These are pupils with the level of deficits and special needs which are too severe for them to be included in the regular primary school. It is of utmost importance that no mistakes occur during the assessment process and that all pupils are included in the appropriate educational environment, it is also important that environment provides the conditions under which they can develop their potential and make progress in accordance with their capabilities. It is therefore necessary for pupils with special educational needs as well as for their teachers to have a properly adjusted curriculum and corresponding teaching tools. In 2008, the Department of Education issued a set of textbooks and workbooks for the Slovenian language classes in the final three elementary school years of adjusted school program. This is the first teaching material that has been issued for especially this purpose; before teachers used teaching tools intended for regular program, from which they selected parts of contents and individual tasks, which was less suitable for pupils with special needs. It required a lot of time and effort from teachers,and the outcome was unpredictable. There are many differences between the curriculum for regular school and curriculum for the elementary school with adjusted program, goals are often different and should be correspondingly adjusted, the methods of work should be adjusted. The use of regular school textbooks was not adequate for long-term, but was only an emergency solution. New textbooks and workbooks deal with all aspects, from didactic to linguistic, and are adjusted to pupils with special needs. Such books enhance pupils' motivation and help teachers build a systematic and qualitative level of intellectual attainment. One should bear in mind that pupils in elementary school with adjusted program are a heterogeneous group soit is still necessary to adjust some contents to certain groups of pupils. But with the new textbooks and workbooks there are less adjustments and pupils are able to work more independently.