Filogenija in filogeografija meduz rodu Rhizostoma v Sredozemskem morju

Lokar, Krista (author), Ramšak, Andreja (mentor), Stankovič, David (comentor)

V rod Rhizostoma (Cuvier, 1788) združujemo vrste Rhizostoma pulmo (Macri, 1778), Rhizostoma octopus (Linnaeus, 1788) in Rhizostoma luteum (Quoy in Gaimard, 1827).Vse tri vrste imajo podobno telesno zgradbo in naseljujejo različna geografska območja, a zaradi prekrivanja taksonomskih znakov so obstoj in nedvoumni sorodstveni odnosi treh vrst še nerazjasnjeni. V nalogi smo razjasnili filogenetske odnose med vrstami v rodu Rhizostoma, filogenetsko strukturiranost populacij v Sredozemskem morju ter v kolikšni meri le te prihajajo v stik z Atlantskimi populacijami. V analizo smo vključili vzorce R. pulmo, ki so bili nabrani po celotnem Sredozemlju, vzorce R. luteum, nabrane ob obali Španije v Sredozemskem morju ter že obstoječe sekvence iz baze GenBank, ki pripadajo vrsti R. octopus. Rezultate smo pridobili s sekvenčnimi analizami nukleotidnih zaporedij. Pomnožili smo gene za 28S, ITS1 in ITS2, ki so na genomski DNK, ter COI z mitohondrijske DNK. Rezultate so predstavili v obliki filogenetskih dreves ter mrežne analize haplotipov. Analize so pokazale dobro podprto delitev rodu na tri vrste, kar je posledica biogeografskih dogajanj v preteklosti ter Almerijsko-Oranske fronte, ki delitve vzdržujejo. Poleg tega je razvidna tudi strukturiranost populacij vrste R. pulmo v Sredozemskem morju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Rhizostoma pulmo, Rhizostoma luteum, Rhizostoma octopus, molekularna filogenija, genski markerji, PCR
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-111979
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5214543
• Publication date in RUL: 18.10.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Phylogeny and phylogeography of the genus Rhizostoma in the Mediterranean Sea

Abstract

Genus Rhizostoma is represented by the following species: Rhizostoma pulmo (Macri, 1778), Rhizostoma luteum (Quoy in Gaimard, 1827) and Rhizostoma octopus (Linnaeus, 1788). All three species are morphologically similar. The biggest difference among them is their geographic distribution. Because of small differences, dividing genus into three species is doubtfull according to some scientists. In this thesis we focused on clarification of genus phylogeny, phylogenetic structure of populations in Mediterranean Sea and their connection with Atlantic populations. In analysis samples of R. pulmo from Mediterranean Sea, R. luteum from Spanish coast and already sequenced samples of R. octopus from GenBank were used and compared. Target DNA segments were amplified with polymerase chain reaction. 28S, ITS1, ITS2 and COI regions were used in PCR. Results support division of genus Rhizostoma into three species which is the result of biogeographic events in the past and is maintained by Almeria-Oran front. Furthermore, Mediterranean populations are showing differences between populations from different locations.

• Keywords: Rhizostoma pulmo, Rhizostoma luteum, Rhizostoma octopus, molecular philogeny, genetic markers, PCR